background: trichophyton verrucosum is a zoophilic fungus with a worldwide distribution. our aim was to investigate the proliferative effect of antigenic compounds of t. verrucosum on dermis fibro blasts and endothelial cells. methods: t. verrucosum was cultured in scc medium and was then transferred to a broth medium. surface antigens of this fungus were separated using the freeze and thaw met...

Mosquitoes are found all over the world except in the Antarctica. Mosquitoes are two winged insects that belong to the insect order Dipteran. Members of the genera Aedes, Culex and Anopheles are well known and responsible for bites in humans. Only Female mosquitoes bite. This is because they require blood to assist in vitellogenesis. Feeding behaviour of mosquitoes is either classified as zooph...

Background: Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) are an important tool for malaria control. ITNs are effective because they work on several parts of the mosquito feeding cycle, including both adult killing and repelling effects. Methods: Using an elaborated description of the classic feeding cycle model, simple formulas have been derived to describe how ITNs change mosquito behaviour and the intensi...

In forest and forest fringe settings of northwest Thailand, Anopheles minimus A was found to be the primary vector while An. dirus s./., An. sawadwongporni and An. maculatus s.s. are secondary vectors of malaria. The sites of transmission were investigated entomologically; parallel epidemiological investigations were made by another team. Malaria transmission in the villages in terms of the num...

Penicillium sp. was isolated from the mud volcano of Baratang Island, Andaman, were tested for the growth inhibition against four fungal species of dermatophytes viz., Epidermophyton flococususm, Microsprum gypseum, Tricophyton rubrum, Tricophyton mentagraphytes. Three different concentration of fungal suspension (10μl, 25 μl and50 μl) were tested using disc diffusion method. Penicillium sp. sh...

Background and Purpose: Trichophyton quinckeanum, a known zoophilic dermatophyte responsible for favus form in rodents camels, is occasionally reported to cause human infections. Case Report: This study aimed report case of tinea corporis caused by T. quinckeanum that experienced annular erythematous pruritic plaque with abundant purulent secretions. In June 2021, 15-year-old girl an cup shape ...

Genetic variation in defensin, a gene encoding a major effector molecule of insects immune response was analyzed within and between populations of three members of the Anopheles gambiae complex. The species selected included the two anthropophilic species, An. gambiae and An. arabiensis and the most zoophilic species of the complex, An. quadriannulatus. The first species was represented by four...

This study in Senegal compared the feeding preferences of Anopheles gambiae and A. arabiensis while controlling for equal accessibility to hosts located outdoors under bed net traps. All fed A. gambiae complex females were identified with the aid of the polymerase chain reaction and their blood meal sources were identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A total of 605 anophelines, includ...

Dermatophytes cause superficial and cutaneous fungal infections in immunocompetent hosts and invasive disease in immunocompromised hosts. However, the host mechanisms that regulate innate immune responses against these fungi are largely unknown. Here, we utilized commercially available epidermal tissues and primary keratinocytes to assess (i) damage induction by anthropophilic, geophilic, and z...

Various species of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) were studied in the Amazon with the objective of determining their importance as malaria vectors. Of the 33 known Anopheles species occurring in the Amazon, only 9 were found to be infected with Plasmodium. The different species of this subgenus varied both in diversity and density in the collection areas. The populations showed a tendency towards lo...