The reaction of free chlorine with tertiary ammonium or amine compounds in aqueous solution was studied by the amperometry at a rotating Pt-disk electrode. The amperometric method can be applied to follow the concentration of free chlorine (c(Cl)) even in the presence of chloramine species. By addition of mono- and dibutylammonium to the solution containing free chlorine, the step-like decrease...

With conventional NMR of polycrystalline solids, broad and often featureless spectra are frequently obtained and the effects of some molecular motions are not readily observed. 1 The resolution and sensitivity of nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) and broadline NMR is often so low that only the rigid and rapid motional regimes can be studied. In the intermediate region, where the exchange rate ...

Water saturation and cation exchange capacity are the most significant parameters used to calculate a hydrocarbon zone potential. In clean formations, by applying the famous Archie model, which assumes that in the formation the only electric conductor is the formation water, the water saturation can be calculated. Additionally, in shaly sand formations this assumption may not be true as the ion...

Formation of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) represents a transfer of upper layer water to abyssal depths at a rate of 15 to 20 x 10 6 m3/s. NADW spreads throughout the Atlantic Ocean and is exported to the Indian and Pacific Oceans by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and deep western boundary currents. Naturally, there must be a compensating flow of upper layer water toward the northern Nort...

We develop the K-theory of a C∗–algebra Oλ which represents the leaf space of measured foliations studied by Novikov, Masur, Thurston and Veech. The K-theory construction is based on the coding of geodesic lines due to Koebe and Morse. This method allows to calculate the range of Elliott group (K0, K + 0 , [1]) of Oλ, to establish a condition of strict ergodicity of the interval exchange transf...

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Successful management of forest systems requires a deeper understanding of the role of ecophysiological traits in enabling adaptation to high temperature and water deficit under current and anticipated changes in climate. A key attribute of leaf water relations is the water potential at zero turgor (πtlp), because it defines the operating water potentials over which plants actively control grow...

Long-timescale molecular dynamics simulations (300 ns) are performed on both the apo- (i.e., camphor-free) and camphor-bound cytochrome P450cam (CYP101). Water diffusion into and out of the protein active site is observed without biased sampling methods. During the course of the molecular dynamics simulation, an average of 6.4 water molecules is observed in the camphor-binding site of the apo f...