In 2016, Indonesia is a country that has agreed to the contents of Paris Agreement. The Agreement have been ratified into Indonesian law number 16 2016. government targeting achieve Net Zero Emissions by 2060. This study aims 2060, committed reducing emissions 29% (without conditions) or 41% (conditional) in 2030, which can be achieved encouraging use new and renewable energy (EBT) 23% 2025. us...

The chemical industry is responsible for about 5% of global CO2 emissions and key to achieving net-zero targets. Decarbonizing this industry, nevertheless, faces particular challenges given the widespread use carbon-rich raw materials, need high-temperature heat, complex value chains. Multiple technology routes are now available producing chemicals with based on biomass, recycling, carbon captu...

The present study investigates long-term energy consumption and CO2 emission pathways of the Swiss cement industry, including towards net zero emissions by 2050. Cement production accounts for 8% (12.8 PJ) final 36% (2.5 Mt) in industrial sector 2015. Using a techno-economic bottom-up optimization model based on TIMES (The Integrated MARKAL-EFOM System) modeling framework, this applies an advan...

Aviation emissions are not on a trajectory consistent with Paris Climate Agreement goals. We evaluate the extent to which fuel pathways—synthetic fuels from biomass, synthetic green hydrogen and atmospheric CO2, direct use of liquid hydrogen—could lead aviation towards net-zero climate impacts. Together continued efficiency gains contrail avoidance, but without offsets, such an energy transitio...

How confident are we that CO2 emissions must reach net zero or below to halt CO2-induced warming? The IPCC's sixth assessment report concluded “limiting human-induced global warming a specific level requires … reaching at least emissions.” This is much stronger language than the special on of 1.5°C, which would be sufficient. Here show “approximately zero” better supported “at zero.” We estimat...

Plate-shaped (DTA)2Cu2I4 crystals with green-yellow emissions, 0D structures and waveguide behavior were prepared by the employment of long alkyl chain molecules.

This paper contributes to the climate policy discussion by focusing on challenges and opportunities of reaching net zero emissions 2050 in Italy. To support Italian energy planning, we developed roadmaps towards national neutrality, consistent with Paris Agreement objectives IPCC goal limiting increase global surface temperature 1.5 °C. Starting from framework, these scenarios identify correlat...

The legacy of historical and the long-term impacts of 21st century greenhouse gas emissions on climate, ocean acidification, and carbon-climate feedbacks are investigated with a coupled carbon cycle-climate model. Emission commitment scenarios with zero emissions after year 2100 and 21st century emissions of 1,800, 900, and 0 gigatons of carbon are run up to year 2500. The reversibility and irr...

We investigate international negotiations on CO2 emissions reduction in the Kyoto Protocol by non-cooperative multilateral bargaining theory. The negotiation model has two phases, (i) allocating emission reductions to countries and (ii) international emissions trading. Anticipating the competitive equilibrium of emissions trading, each country evaluates an agreement of reduction commitments. We...