Photoacoustic section imaging is a method for visualizing structures with optical contrast in selected layers of an extended object. In order to avoid resolution limitations that are due to commonly used ultrasound detectors of finite size, we propose the use of extended, integrating cylindrical elements for focusing the acoustic detection into the selected section. Two imaging methods based on...

1 μm axial resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) is demonstrated for in vivo cellular resolution imaging. Output of two superluminescent diode sources is combined to provide near infrared illumination from 755 to 1105 nm. The spectral interference is detected using two spectrometers based on a Si camera and an InGaAs camera, respectively. Spectra from the two spectromete...

background: aquatic ecosystems are frequently subjected to contamination by toxic heavy metals and pesticides, yet very little is known about the influence of pesticides on bioaccumulation of heavy metals in aquatic organisms. mercury is a toxic metal with no known biological benefit to organisms. bioavailability of mercury in aquatic environments depends on biological and non-biological parame...

1. The cichlid fish Metriaclima zebra, common in Lake Malawi, feeds by filtering plankton from the water and by brushing items from sediment covered substrata. It inhabits isolated rocky reefs among which community structure, resource availability and gene pools are likely to differ. We speculated that body size and trophic morphology of M. zebra might vary concomitantly. 2. We quantified the e...

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its derivatives, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromo-amphetamine hydrobromide (DOB) and para-methoxyamphetamine (PMA), are recreational drugs whose pharmacological effects have recently been attributed to serotonin 5HT2A/C receptors. However, there is growing evidence that the oxytocin (OT)/vasopressin system can modulate some the effects of MDMA. In this study, M...

the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of silver nanoparticle on general performance and digestive proteases in zebra fish. four experimental diets were designed with a concentration of 5, 20 and 40 parts per billion (ppb) nanoparticles in the diet (named s5, s20, and s40, respectively) and control group without any nanoparticles (s0). there was no significa...

Abstract Female cichlid fish living in African great lakes are known to have sensory systems that adapted ambient light environments. These system adaptations hypothesized influenced the evolution of diverse male nuptial coloration. In rock-dwelling Lake Malawi mbuna cichlids, however, extent which environments influence female and potentially associated coloration remains unknown. Yet, ubiquit...

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) is a hypoxia-inducible gene that plays an important role in regulating embryonic growth and development under hypoxic stress. The molecular mechanisms underlying hypoxia-induced IGFBP-1 gene expression in the embryonic tissues are not well understood. Here we report that the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) pathway is established in early...

Objective: Though the adverse effects of pesticides used in agriculture may not immediately be visible in the human population however its long term exposure may cause detrimental effects by biomagnifications and bioaccumulation. Nowadays bioinformatics serves as an in silico tool not only for homology alignment but also for prediction of quaternary structures of biochemicals. The present study...