In order to limit the dispersive use of lead on small arms firing ranges, 5.56-mm bullets with tungsten-nylon composite material cores have been fired at a number of Army training ranges. Tungsten in bullet residues oxidizes when exposed to the atmosphere, yielding an amorphous tungsten oxide (WO3) coating. This coating rapidly dissolves to yield the tungstate anion (WO4), which can migrate in ...

The RpoE and CpxR regulated envelope stress responses are extremely important for Salmonella Typhimurium to cause infection in a range of hosts. Until now the role for BaeSR in both the Salmonella Typhimurium response to stress and its contribution to infection have not been fully elucidated. Here we demonstrate stationary phase growth, iron and sodium tungstate as novel inducers of the BaeRreg...

The two families of systems formed by silver halides with alkali Chromates and tungstates have been systematically investigated in order to bring into evidence possible demixing phenomena. It has been found that silver chloride demixes with lithium Chromate and tungstate and with sodium tungstate; silver bromide demixes with lithium and sodium Chromates and tungstates; silver iodide demixes wit...

Activation of the large conductance, Ca2+-dependent K+ channel [KCa1.1+b-subunits, generally known as the Big K (BK) or maxi K channel] is an important negative feedback on depolarization and Ca2+-induced contraction of smooth muscle and thus arterial vasoconstriction (Figure 1). Intriguingly, altered function of BK and/or polymorphism in human BK aand b-subunit genes have been associated with ...

Coherent beam combining enables power scaling beyond the limits of single amplifiers. Therefore, improving the performance and simplicity of coherent combination techniques is of great interest for many high power applications. Here, we show all-fiber coherent beam combining of two ytterbium doped amplifiers with and without a dedicated phase actuator and a total output power up to 25 W. Instea...

Zirconium tungstate as an inorganic ion exchange material has been synthesized at different conditions. The materials were characterized by means infrared spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction techniques. The stability of the ion exchangers was investigated in acidic and alkaline media. Ion exchange properties of synthesized materials were studied by measuring the dis...

Silicon microphotonics has emerged as the leading technology to overcome the interconnect bottleneck that limits a further increase of computation power following Moore's law. Optical interconnects between different electronic microprocessors in an electronic-photonic integrated circuit (EPIC) can provide a fast, low-loss and highbandwidth alternative to electrical interconnects, which suffer f...

Ytterbium-doped fiber lasers are making impressive leaps in power production. Yet in spite of fibers large surface area to volume ratio which is beneficial for cooling, such power inevitably leads to high core temperatures that in turn affect the laser performance. In this letter, the temperature effects on the emission and fluorescence lifetime of ytterbium doped optical fibers are investigate...

Wc report on a study to dctcrminc the efllciency of various buffer gases in quenching the population trapping states of laser excited ytterbium ions. 'The ions were confined in an rf/dc hybrid trap, and their 2 S 1 / 2 H 2 P 3 / 2 transition was excited with 329 nm ]ascr light. Buflcr gsscs used include 11 2 , N2, C02, Ar, and llc at several diflcrcnt pressure rcgitncs. Wc have identified N 2 t...