The Image Reduction and Analysis Facility is a scientific image processing package widely used throughout the astronomical community. IRAF has been developed and distributed by the National Optical Astronomy Observatory in Tucson, Arizona since the early 1980’s. Other observatories and projects have written many dozens of layered external application packages. More than ten thousand journal art...

ObjectiveTo investigate the influences of non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) on rates initiations (OACs) and outcomes among elderly patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsFrom January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2015, 33,539 newly-diagnosed AF older than 85 years old who survived more 180 days after diagnosis were studied. Temporal trends regarding OAC initiation incident ...

A total of 1752 strains of osrnophilic yeasts were isolated from honey and po]]ens. Fody-three strains Gf esmophilic yeasts produced po]yols, among whieh 6 strains produced erythritol in good yields. On the other hand, 52 osmophilic yeasts converted sucrose te fin]etooligosaccharides, among which 8 strains produced both extra and intracel]ular P-fructofuranosidase, which conyerted sucrose to fr...

Many species of tachinid flies are viewed as generalist parasitoids because what is apparently a single species of fly has been reared from many species of caterpillars. However, an ongoing inventory of the tachinid flies parasitizing thousands of species of caterpillars in Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica, has encountered >400 species of specialist tachinids with only a...

Given a connected graph G = (V, E) with non-negative edge costs, and a set of " special " nodes S ⊂ V , a subgraph of G is a Steiner tree, if it is a tree that spans (connects) all the (" special ") nodes in S. The Steiner Tree problem is to find a Steiner Tree of minimum weight (cost). Steiner Tree is an important NP-hard problem that is often encountered in practice. Examples include design o...