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shikārnāmeh-ye malikshāhī (the malikshāhī book of hunting) which is also known as shikārnāmeh-ye khusrawī, is a book prepared in the 5th ah/11th ad century by malikshāh’s order and niẓām al-mulk’s patronage. the book’s actual redaction is due to abū al-ḥassan niyshābūrī. this book refers to many other books on falconry and hunting (bāznāmeh and shikārnāmeh) especially the translation of the “sh...

CD4(+) T cells are essential for the control of Yersinia enterocolitica (Ye) infection in mice. Ye can inhibit dendritic cell (DC) antigen uptake and degradation, maturation and subsequently T-cell activation in vitro. Here we investigated the effects of Ye infection on splenic DCs and T-cell proliferation in an experimental mouse infection model. We found that OVA-specific CD4(+) T cells had a...

We present a computational cognitive model of mind wandering, an important cognitive phenomenon whose mechanisms are involved in insight, problem-solving, and creativity. The model posits that mind wandering begins when one is not engaged in goal-oriented cognition, whether when between tasks or when in the middle of a task but not actively thinking about one’s goal. At such times, the model th...

One mechanism that has been hypothesized to contribute to older adults' changes in cognitive performance is goal neglect or impairment in maintaining task set across time. Mind-wandering and task-unrelated thought may underlie these potential age-related changes. The present study investigated age-related changes in mind-wandering in three different versions of the Sustained Attention to Respon...

Mind wandering has been investigated in a variety of sustained attention tasks. In the present research, we investigated the role of mind wandering while listening to familiar or unfamiliar musical excerpts, and its effects on linguistic processing. Participants performed a lexical congruity task involving judging the semantic relatedness of a list of word pairs while listening to familiar clas...

Addition of 1 g/L yeast extract (YE) to sterile, aerobic (approximately 21% dissolved oxygen) and deoxygenated (<0.0001% dissolved oxygen) natural seawater fixed the corrosion potential (Ecorr) of 316L (UNS S31603) stainless steel. YE contains riboflavin and other B vitamins that can act as redox mediators, sorb to surfaces, and chelate metal ions. As demonstrated, YE alters the pH of buffered ...

Bacteriological culture methods were compared with PCR based protocols (multiplex PCR and TaqMan assay) for the rapid detection of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica (YE) in market weight hogs and pork products. The prevalence of YE was compared in lairaged hogs (n=150) versus hogs transported directly to the farm (n=150). By bacteriological culture, YE was not detected in any of the hog tissue...

Unintentional lapses of attention, or mind wandering, are ubiquitous and detrimental during learning. Hence, automated methods that detect and combat mind wandering might be beneficial to learning. As an initial step in this direction, we propose to detect mind wandering by monitoring physiological measures of skin conductance and skin temperature. We conducted a study in which student’s physio...

Recent research has shown that mind wandering recruits executive resources away from the external task towards inner thoughts. No studies however have determined whether executive functions are drawn away in a unitary manner during mind wandering episodes, or whether there is variation in specific functions impacted. Accordingly, we examined whether mind wandering differentially modulates three...