PURPOSE This study evaluated a variety of downhill slopes in an effort to determine the optimal slope for overspeed running. METHODS Thirteen NCAA Division III college athletes who participated in soccer, track, and football ran 40-yd (36.6-m) sprints, on downhill slopes of 2.1 degrees , 3.3 degrees , 4.7 degrees , 5.8 degrees , and 6.9 degrees in random order. All sprints were timed using th...

We study experimentally nonlinear propagation of sub-nanosecond optical pulses in a fiber Bragg grating written in a Ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier (YD-FBG). The magnitude and the sign of group velocity dispersion (GVD) in YD-FBG can be controlled by adjusting the fiber tension. In the case of anomalous GVD, pulse breakup was observed due to modulation instability. However, for the same input ...

The climatic downturn known globally as the Younger Dryas (YD; ∼12,900-11,500 BP) has frequently been cited as a prime mover of agricultural origins and has thus inspired enthusiastic debate over its local impact. This study presents seasonal climatic data from the southern Levant obtained from the sequential sampling of gazelle tooth carbonates from the Early and Late Natufian archaeological s...

Despite growing evidence for environmental oscillations during the last glacial–interglacial transition from high latitude, terrestrial sites of the North Pacific rim, oxygen-isotopic records of these oscillations remain sparse. The lack of data is due partially to the paucity of lakes that contain carbonate sediment suitable for oxygen-isotopic analysis. We report here the first record of oxyg...

Pollen, macroand micro-fossils, and sedimentologic indicators in sediment cores from Discovery Pond (DP) in south-central Alaska indicate that the coldest interval of the last deglacation was coincident with the onset of the Younger Dryas (YD), around 12.8 cal ka. The multi-proxy record from DP together with a compilation of recently published YD records from southern Alaska and the adjacent no...

We present a benthic foraminiferal multiproxy record of eastern equatorial Atlantic (EEA) middepth water (1295m) covering the last deglacial. We show that EEA middepth water temperatures were elevated by 3.9 ± 0.5°C and 5.2 ± 1.2°C during Heinrich event 1 (H1) and Younger Dryas (YD), respectively. The radiocarbon content of the EEA middepth during H1 and YD is relatively low and comparable to t...

This paper presents the first Lateglacial/Holocene (the last 13 500 cal a bp) ostracod ?18O record to infer hydroclimate variability in Southern French Alps. Cytherissa lacustris (?18Osp) shells extracted from sediments of Lake Allos allowed reconstruction ?18Olake water (?18Olw) except for interval 5800–2800 bp. The shape Younger Dryas (YD) clearly differed records documented northern First, ?...