The episodic context account of retrieval-based learning proposes that retrieval enhances subsequent retention because people must think back to and reinstate a prior learning context. Three experiments directly tested this central assumption of the context account. Subjects studied word lists and then either restudied the words under intentional learning conditions or made list discrimination ...

Five experiments examined whether overt repetition (i.e., saying a word aloud) during exposure is critical to the expressive learning of new words. When participants did not engage in overt repetition during exposure, they nevertheless exhibited clear expressive learning, both with and without an accompanying semantics, indicating that overt repetition is not critical to expressive word learnin...

Adaptive production systems are defined and used to illustrate adaptive techniques in production system construction. A learning paradigm is described within the framework of adaptive production systems, and is applied to a simple rote learning task, a nonsense syllable association and discrimination task, and a serial pattern acquisition task. It is shown that with the appropriate production b...

Despite numerous theories and research of learning approaches, many teachers and academics still prefer to rely on familiar pedagogical approaches such as stand up lectures, worksheets and rote learning activities even though they might preach about other approaches to learning and teaching. Interestingly, this practice appears to be proportional to the age of the learners, that is, more common...

In 4 experiments, the authors attempted to replicate an improvement in recall of target memories produced by a post-learning clue enabling participants to reorganize and segregate interfering material, as shown by G. H. Bower and T. Mann (1992). The 1st three experiments studied retroactive interference (RI) in free recall of an initial word list after participants were informed post-learning o...

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