This paper presents a new kmd of language models: caregor@vord varigrums. This special model type permits a tight integration of word-based and category-based modeling of word sequences. Any succession of words and word categones may be employed to descnbe a given word history. This provides a much greater flexibtlity than previous combinations of word-based and category-based language models. ...

The task of creation of a language model consists of the creation of the large-enough training corpus containing typical documents and phrases from the target domain, collecting statistical data, such as counts of word n-tuples (called n-grams) from the a collection of prepared text data (training corpus), further processing of the raw counts and deducing conditional probabilities of words, bas...

This paper describes the use of a weighted mixture of classbased n-gram language models to perform topic adaptation. By using a fixed class n-gram history and variable word-given-class probabilities we obtain large improvements in the performance of the class-based language model, giving it similar accuracy to a word n-gram model, and an associated small but statistically significant improvemen...

Background: Language Development Disorders (LDD) is a common idiopathic impairment in children. Numerous risk factors play a role in the emergence of this disorder.  Objectives: The present study aimed to examine risk factors of LDD in children aged two to five years. Materials & Methods: In this case-control study, 98 children (aged two to five years) with LDD and 98 children without LDD wer...

the history of politic is the history of the efforts of individuals or groups of individuals to accumulate, exercise, and distribute power. indeed politics might be viewed as bounded conflict, as a means of manage conflict such that it does not deteriorate into private feuding or mob violence. we all used the word power often. we all have an intuitive understanding of the term, which is (usuall...

In this paper we present an extention of a context tree for a structured language model (SLM), which we call an arbori-context tree. The state-of-the-art SLM predicts the next word from a xed partial tree of the history tree, such as two exposed heads, etc. An arbori-context tree allows us to select an optimum partial tree of a history tree for the next word prediction depending on the e ective...

conclusions the findings of this study indicate that the frequency of disfluencies was increased in difficult syllable structures in comparison to simple syllable structures. according to the results, it seems that certain linguistic features, such as syllable structure can affect speech-motor output in people who stutter through affecting phonological encoding. background stuttering is one of ...