A language L is the orthogonal concatenation of languages L1 and L2 if every word of L can be written in a unique way as a concatenation of a word in L1 and a word in L2. The notion can be generalized for arbitrary language operations. We consider decidability properties of language orthogonality and the solvability of language equations involving the orthogonal concatenation operation. We esta...

This paper presents a rotor design for high starting performance of a line-start single-phase permanent-magnet motor. Two-dimensional time-stepping finite-analysis has been used to successfully predict the starting performance of the proposed motor with the new rotor configuration. The comparison of the starting performance between experimental and proposed motors was done. It was found from th...

We present an unsupervised approach for discovering semantic representations of mathematical equations. Equations are challenging to analyze because each is unique, or nearly unique. Our method, which we call equation embeddings, finds good representations of equations by using the representations of their surrounding words. We used equation embeddings to analyze four collections of scientific ...

The modal view in the cognitive and neural sciences holds that consciousness is necessary for abstract, symbolic, and rule-following computations. Hence, semantic processing of multiple-word expressions, and performing of abstract mathematical computations, are widely believed to require consciousness. We report a series of experiments in which we show that multiple-word verbal expressions can ...

We present a technique, based on so-called word series, to write down in a systematic way expansions of the strong and weak local errors of splitting algorithms for the integration of Stratonovich stochastic differential equations. Those expansions immediately lead to the corresponding order conditions. Word series are similar to, but simpler than, the B-series used to analyze Runge–Kutta and o...

ing from the data in a specification is in many situations undesirable. As mentioned in the prelude to this chapter, the process languages pCRL, pCRLt and μCRLt are designed to support the specification of data-dependent systems. The data, and the datatypes, used in e.g. μCRLt-specifications are specified using the theoretically sound and flexible (yet impractical) framework of (equational) abs...

The category, or class of algebras, in the title is denoted by $bf W$. A hull operator (ho) in $bf W$ is a reflection in the category consisting of $bf W$ objects with only essential embeddings as morphisms. The proper class of all of these is $bf hoW$. The bounded monocoreflection in $bf W$ is denoted $B$. We classify the ho's by their interaction with $B$ as follows. A ``word'' is a function ...

objectives: stuttering is one of the most prevalent speech and language disorders. symptomology of stuttering has been surveyed from different aspects such as biological, developmental, environmental, emotional, learning and linguistic. previous researches in english-speaking people have suggested that some linguistic features such as word meanings may play a role in the frequency of speech non...

Previous work has investigated adults' knowledge of principles for arithmetic with positive numbers (Dixon, Deets, & Bangert, 2001). The current study extends this past work to address adults' knowledge of principles of arithmetic with a negative number, and also investigates links between knowledge of principles and problem representation. Participants (N = 44) completed two tasks. In the Eval...