As wood is prone to fungal degradation, fundamental research is necessary to increase our knowledge aiming at product improvement. Several imaging modalities are capable of visualizing fungi, but the X-ray equipment presented in this article can envisage fungal mycelium in wood nondestructively in three dimensions with submicron resolution. Four types of wood subjected to the action of the whit...

wych elm (ulmus glabra hudson) is one of the forest species in hyrcanian forests of iran and considered as threatened species due to its narrow ecological range, over-exploitation, as well as dutch elm disease. in order to evaluate the possibility of cryopreservation of ulmus glabra seeds for long-term preservation, seeds were collected from natural habitats and three pre-treatment methods incl...

Zelkova carpinifolia is a relict tree occurring in refugial zones of south-western Eurasia. The main aim of the study was the biometrical comparison of the leaf characteristics of the species sampled in three regions of Transcaucasia. We aimed to test the hypotheses that (1) leaves from vegetative (L) shoots would be larger and more variable than those from fertile (S) shoots, (2) the leaves fr...

Elm (Ulmus) has a long history of use as a high-quality heavy hardwood famous for its resistance to drought, cold, and salt. It grows in temperate, warm temperate, and subtropical regions. This is the first report of Ulmaceae chloroplast genomes by de novo sequencing. The Ulmus chloroplast genomes exhibited a typical quadripartite structure with two single-copy regions (long single copy [LSC] a...

The Galatian Volcanic Province (GVP) located in central-north Anatolia had a rich woody flora. purpose of the present study is to contribute early Miocene flora GVP from two fossil sites Doğanyurt Village city Beypazarı Ankara. sites, which are near each other, have small pieces woods. Total 16 woods were collected neighbour sites. Three thin sections as transversal, tangential and radial sampl...

The Asian longhorned beetle (ALB), Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky), and citrus longhorned beetle (CLB), Anoplophora chinensis (Forster) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), are polyphagous xylophages native to Asia and are capable of killing healthy trees. ALB outbreaks began in China in the 1980s, following major reforestation programs that used ALB-susceptible tree species. No regional CLB outb...