The communities living on the dangerous hillslopes in Chittagong City Corporation (CCC) in Bangladesh recurrently experience landslide hazards during the monsoon season. The frequency and intensity of landslides are increasing over time because of heavy rainfall occurring over a few days. Furthermore, rapid urbanization through hill-cutting is another factor, which is believed to have a signifi...

Uncertainties in sediment quality assessments are discussed in five categories: (1) sediment sampling, transport and storage; (2) sediment chemistry; (3) ecotoxicology; (4) benthic community structure; and (5) data uncertainties and QA/QC. Three major exposure routes are considered: whole sediments, and waters in sediment pores and at the sediment-water interface. If these uncertainties are not...

Despite extensive study, definitive conclusions regarding the relationship between asthma and consumer products remain elusive. Uncertainties reflect the multi-faceted nature of asthma (i.e., contributions of immunologic and non-immunologic mechanisms). Many substances used in consumer products are associated with occupational asthma or asthma-like syndromes. However, risk assessment methods do...

Examination of the available joint toxic action data, presented in Section 2.2, reveals that no health effects data are available for the complete mixture, or for ternary or quaternary submixtures. Because suitable data, joint action models, and PBPK models are lacking for the complete mixture, the recommended approach for the exposure-based assessment of joint toxic action of this mixture is t...

Landslides are a recurring phenomenon that disrupts the natural environment and causes yearly property damage, economic losses, fatalities. The damage is expected to increase due deforestation rates, population growth, agriculture, slope-building infrastructure expansion, global climate change. This study assesses susceptibility landslides through Weight of Evidence (WoE) Frequency Ratio (FR) m...

Mapping fire risk accurately is essential for the planning and protection of forests. This study aims to map (probability ignition) in Marivan County Kurdistan province, Iran, using data mining approaches evidential belief function (EBF) weight evidence (WOE) models, with an emphasis placed on climatic variables. Firstly, 284 incidents region were randomly divided into two groups, including tra...

Groundwater is a crucial natural resource that varies in quality and quantity across Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. Increased population urbanization place enormous demands on groundwater supplies, reducing both their quantity. This research aimed to delineate the potential zone Kohat region, Pakistan by integrating twelve thematic layers. In current research, Potential Zone (GWPZ) were cr...

"woe,, " ,, " "women or men-our chromosomes, our genitalia, how we (and others) are brought up to think about ourselves, or all of the above? One of the first responses to the birth of a child of ambiguous sex by clinicians, and parents, is to seek to "disambiguate" the situation: to assign the newborns identity as either female or male, surgically modify the child's genitalia to conform believ...