BACKGROUND The multi-arm multi-stage (MAMS) design described by Royston et al. [Stat Med. 2003;22(14):2239-56 and Trials. 2011;12:81] can accelerate treatment evaluation by comparing multiple treatments with a control in a single trial and stopping recruitment to arms not showing sufficient promise during the course of the study. To increase efficiency further, interim assessments can be based ...

For many years, subset analysis has been a popular topic for the biostatistics and clinical trials literature. In more recent years, the discussion has focused on finding subsets of genomes which play a role in the effect of treatment, often referred to as stratified or personalized medicine. Though highly sought after, methods for detecting subsets with altering treatment effects are limited a...

At least since Gabriel (1969), a broad class of multiple comparison procedures, socalled simultaneous test procedures (STPs), is established in the statistical literature. Elements of an STP are a testing family (H, T ), consisting of a set of null hypotheses and corresponding test statistics, and a common critical constant cα. The threshold cα with which each of the test statistics has to be c...