cognitive aspects of bilingualism have been recently studied by manyresearchers and lots of them have reported bilingual advantage overmonolinguals in some aspects of cognition. given the multitude of bilinguals iniran, further and deeper studies of various aspects of this phenomenon seem torequire. in order to study bilingualism in iran from a cognitive point of view,the present study examines...

Background. Differentiating between schizophrenia and major depression with psychotic features often reveals diagnostic dilemma. Both share psychotic features and severe impairment in occupational functions. Severe psychomotor retardation, not uncommon in psychotic depression, may simulate negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Our work aims at utilizing Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) performa...

BACKGROUND Methamphetamine is a neurotoxic agent. Its chronic abuse may result in cognitive impairment with negative consequences for patients' treatment and rehabilitation. The aim of the study was to compare Wisconsin Card Sorting Test profiles of Czech subjects dependent on methamphetamine with healthy individuals. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Forty-three hospitalized Czech Caucasian patients incl...

BACKGROUND Alcoholics have impaired cortisol response to stress, indicating dysregulation in the extrahypothalamic systems responsible for activating cortisol secretion in response to stressor exposure. There is a growing literature indicating a relationship between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis activity and neurocognitive functioning. This study examined the hypothesis that dysreg...

The Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST; Heaton, 1980) is commonly used to assess concept formation and set shifting. Cognitive research suggests that set shifting performance is enhanced by a match between a person's regulatory focus (promotion focus: attempting to earn an entry into a cash drawing; prevention focus: attempting to avoid losing an entry into the drawing) and the task reward struc...