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The hibernator's heart functions continuously and avoids damage across the wide temperature range of winter heterothermy. To define the molecular basis of this phenotype, we quantified proteomic changes in the 13-lined ground squirrel heart among eight distinct physiological states encompassing the hibernator's year. Unsupervised clustering revealed a prominent seasonal separation between the s...

Please cite this article in press as: Hinson, D.P., W Mars. Icarus (2009), doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.0 We have investigated the near-surface meteorology in the northern hemisphere of Mars through detailed analysis of data obtained with Mars Global Surveyor in January–August 2005. The season in the northern hemisphere ranged from midsummer through winter solstice of Mars Year (MY) 27. We examine...

Hypometabolism in land snails is an adaptive mechanism enabling survival in unfavourable environmental conditions such as the cold, frost, heat and drought. Both estivation and winter torpor are evoked by changes in ambient temperature, and humidity. Moreover, winter torpor is evoked by a decrease in photoperiod. But there is a growing body of evidence that maintenance in hypometabolic state an...

We assessed the flocking behavior of birds on St. John and St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, with systematic surveys along trails in moist forests. Winter esidents (species breeding in North America nd that winter in the Virgin Islands), all of which were warblers, comprised 91% of the individuals found in 28 flocks but only 49% of solitary individuals. The average flock size was 4.0 individuals...

Orography is known to influence winter precipitation in Asia and the Indo-Pacific Ocean by mechanically forcing winds, but the dynamics involved in the precipitation response are incompletely understood. This study investigates how two types of orographically forced oscillatory motions alter time-mean winds and precipitation. The quasi-geostrophic omega equation is used together with previous i...

A system for plant regeneration from individual cells or explants is essential for the application of genetic engineering. In Cucurbitaceae, in vitro regeneration has been reported across a wide spectrum of crops, including summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) (7), winter squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch.) (9), bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Standl.) (6) and, recently, figleaf gourd (Cuburbita fic...

We investigate the changes of extreme European winter (December-February) precipitation back to 1700 and show for various European regions that return periods of extremely wet and dry winters are subject to significant changes both before and after the onset of anthropogenic influences. Generally, winter precipitation has become more extreme. We also examine the spatial pattern of the changes o...

Cryopreservation of vegetative winter buds is an alternative method to preserving plant species in the field. In this method, nodal sections of scionwood are stored in liquid nitrogen vapor. Cryopreservation of the vegetative dormant winter buds involves low maintenance costs and virtually eliminates the risk of germplasm loss. At the NCGRP, this method is routinely used to preserve Malus sp. (...