Despite ongoing increases in atmospheric greenhouse gases, the Earth’s global average surface air temperature has remained more or less steady since 2001. A variety of mechanisms have been proposed to account for this slowdown in surface warming. A key component of the global hiatus that has been identified is cool eastern Pacific sea surface temperature, but it is unclear how the ocean has rem...

In recent years, the Indian Ocean (IO) has been discovered to have a much larger impact on climate variability than previously thought. This paper reviews processes in which the IO is, or appears to be, actively involved. We begin the mathematical model with a pattern for summer monsoon winds. Three dimensional temperature and velocity fields are calculated analytically for the ocean forced by ...

[1] Satellite remote sensing provides diverse and useful ocean surface observations. It is of interest to determine if such surface observations can be used to infer information about the vertical structure of the ocean’s interior, like that of temperature profiles. Earlier studies used either sea surface temperature or dynamic height/sea surface height to infer the subsurface temperature profi...

[1] The meteorological package (MET) on the Phoenix Lander is designed to provide information on the daily and seasonal variations in Mars near-polar weather during Martian late spring and summer. The present paper provides some background on the temperature, pressure, and wind instrumentation on the Phoenix MET station and their characterization. A separate paper addresses the MET lidar instru...

A simplified model of the moist axisymmetric Hadley circulation is examined in the asymptotic limit in which surface drag is strong and the meridional wind is weak compared to the zonal wind. Our model consists of the quasi-equilibrium tropical circulation model (QTCM) equations on an axisymmetric aquaplanet equatorial beta-plane. This model includes two vertical momentum modes, one baroclinic ...

[1] This study assesses near surface lapse rates and temperatures over the past decade at two heights from the Oklahoma Mesonet. A statistically significant change in lapse rate was detected of 0.21 ± 0.09 C (10 m) 1 per decade. The trend of nighttime lapse rate was about three times larger than the magnitude of trend of the daytime lapse rate. The lapse rate trends at the time of the daily max...

Cool stars at giant and supergiant evolutionary phases present low velocity and high density winds, responsible for the observed high mass-loss rates. Although presenting high luminosities, radiation pressure on dust particles is not sufficient to explain the wind acceleration process. Among the possible solutions to this still unsolved problem, Alfvén waves are, probably, the most interesting ...