The general properties of the non-thermal non-pulsed X-ray emission of rotation powered pulsars are investigated in the context of a pulsar wind nebula model. An examination of the observed X-ray emission from a sample of 23 pulsars in the energy range between 2-10 keV reveals that the relation of X-ray luminosity, Lx, to the pulsar spin down power, Ė, is steeper for the non-pulsed component th...

Coastally trapped wind reversals (CTWRs) occur periodically in the marine boundary layer off the western coast of the United States and dramatically change the low-level wind regime and coastal weather. Southerly flow becomes established with the passage of a CTWR along with cooler temperatures and a low stratus deck in a narrow band along the coast. CTWRs can propagate northward along the coas...

Aims. We look for a simple analytic model to distinguish between stellar clusters undergoing a bimodal hydrodynamic solution from those able to drive only a stationary wind. Clusters in the bimodal regime undergo strong radiative cooling within their densest inner regions, which results in the accumulation of the matter injected by supernovae and stellar winds and eventually in the formation of...

This paper studies the turbulent cascade of magnetic energy in weakly collisional magnetized plasmas. A cascade model is presented, based on the assumptions of local nonlinear energy transfer in wavenumber space, critical balance between linear propagation and nonlinear interaction times, and the applicability of linear dissipation rates for the nonlinearly turbulent plasma. The model follows t...

A simple cylindrical Mach probe is described along with an independent calibration procedure in a magnetized plasma wind tunnel. A particle orbit calculation corroborates our model. The probe operates in the weakly magnetized regime in which probe dimension and ion orbit are of the same scale. Analytical and simulation models are favorably compared with experimental calibration.

In this paper, we describe a unified algorithm for locating and computing hyperbolic trajectories, and then computing their stable and unstable manifolds, for finite time velocity fields in the form of a data set defined on a spacetime grid. The algorithm is applied to a turbulent regime of a quasigeostrophic wind-driven double gyre in a rectangular domain.

Low frequency magnetic fluctuations generated by solar wind/cometary ion distributions cause pitch-angle scattering of cometary ions. The nature of this pitch angle scattering is examined by means of one-dimensional hybrid simulations, in which newborn ions are created at a constant rate, and for various injection angles, o•, relative to the magnetic field. Pitch angie scattering in the quasipe...

In main-sequence stars, at effective temperatures below ' 20 000 K, radiation ceases to be able to drive a stellar wind. In a rather narrow transition regime, elemental segregation seems possible due to the decoupling of He and, under special circumstances, also of H from the absorbing metal ions in the wind. This effect may even be more pronounced, if the wind is surface modulated, say by a ma...

The formation of oriented thermokarst lakes on the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska has been the subject of debate for more than half a century. The striking elongation of the lakes perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction has led to the development of a preferred wind-generated gyre hypothesis, while other hypotheses include a combination of sun angle, topographic aspect, and/or a...