This paper introduces model specifications that can be used to explain response incentive effects that might occur with discrete response contingent valuation data when follow-up responses are collected. The models allowfor possible random response shocks, structural ships in willingness to pay betweenpayment questionsand heteroskedasticity between and within responses. Three well-known conting...

background equity of access to health and provider payment mechanism in healthcare is a worldwide debated. healthcare reforms are primarily designed to improve productivity, economic efficiency and quality of care; however, an appropriate reimbursement of healthcare providers for services offered to patients and marinating a robust payment mechanism are not elucidated yet. conclusions no single...

it has been tried to compare the “price payment method” in iranian law with “principles of international commercial contracts” and “convention on contracts for international sale of goods vienna, 1980” in this study. different law regulations in various countries should be unified in order to extend rapid and insured trusted law relations among the nations and people all over the world because ...

Abstract This study presents the result on Willingness To Pay (WTP) of Ecosystem Services (ES) regulating water a Brazilian watershed. The semi-arid region is largest in South America, this area ranked as most populated world. 393 questionnaires were applied using Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). Of respondents basin territory, over (77.9%) expressed positive WTP for maintaining (SE) Water. p...

This paper focuses on providing evidence of what explains respondent certainty by assessing at the same time the sensitivity of the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to payment vehicle effect. Two different samples were collected from local residents and foreign visitors of the Zakynthos Island in Greece and a split-sample approach was employed. The elicited conservation values concerned two en...

in recent decades, tourism has been considered as a way to decreasing tensions of urban life. this study tried to determine the effective factors in visitors' willingness to pay for asiab kharabeh fall by using tobit model. data set were obtained by completing questionnaires and interviewing with 125 individuals who visit the fall. according to the results 69.6 percent of visitors were rea...

abstract in this study, willingness to pay of 180 wheat farmers in khorasan razavi province to remove weeds in different options and different growth stages in 2008 through logarithmic regression was investigated. the results indicated that farmer's total annual income, being perennial of weeds and dummy variables percent of removing weeds in growth different stages, had positive and significan...

In 2012, the Medicare program paid private health plans $136 billion to cover about 13 million beneficiaries who received Part A and B benefits through the Medicare Advantage (MA) program rather than traditional fee-for-service (FFS) Medicare. Private plans have been a part of the program since the 1970s. Debate about the policy goals--Should they cost less per beneficiary than FFS Medicare? Sh...