We give a comprehensive account of a complex systems approach to large blackouts caused by cascading failure. Instead of looking at the details of particular blackouts, we study the statistics, dynamics and risk of series of blackouts with approximate global models. North American blackout data suggests that the frequency of large blackouts is governed by a power law. This result is consistent ...

In this paper we propose a new scheme for scalable video services across the Internet. We envisage the future Internet to be very video intensive where large video and multimedia files (or portions of files) would be accessed over the entire network by a large number of users very frequently. Such large sets of data would contribute to most of the traffic. Quality of service guarantees would th...

Cascading blackouts on a bulk power transmission system are potentially catastrophic events with a large impact on society characterized by a sequence of line trips and load shed. One spectacular example of a cascading blackout is the August 2003 blackout in North America that affected 50 million people. We propose using branching processes to model the line tripping and load shed behavior of c...

Communication ‘blackout’ is a big challenge for modern space engineering. In the recent decade, the terahertz (THz) technology is believed to be an effective solution for the ‘blackout’ problem. Many research works about the transmission of THz waves in plasma slabs have been carried out. According to those works, the radio attenuation of THz waves in plasma slabs strongly depends on thickness ...

During hypersonic, the shock heated air generates a weakly ionized plasma layer around a vehicle. Since the created plasma layer has a high plasma number density, the vehicle has a communication problem known as radio blackout. Solving radio blackout is an important issue for safety of the vehicle, catastrophe analysis, and mission success. In order to solve radio blackout, we propose to manipu...

Electric power transmission systems are a key infrastructure and blackouts of these systems have major direct and indirect consequences on the economy and national security. Analysis of North American Electrical Reliability Council blackout data suggests the existence of blackout size distributions with power tails. This is an indication that blackout dynamics behave as a complex dynamical syst...

A communication blackout is one of the major problems that occurs during reentry a satellite into Earth’s atmosphere, which caused by plasma blocking electromagnetic waves near for telecommunication. Moreover, it prevents tracking and data transmission, resulting in inaccurate prediction landing sites loss. Therefore, there necessity to evaluate propagation mitigate blackout. An inflatable aero...

For a long time, alcohol was thought to exert a general depressant effect on the central nervous system (CNS). However, currently the consensus is that specific regions of the brain are selectively vulnerable to the acute effects of alcohol. An alcohol-induced blackout is the classic example; the subject is temporarily unable to form new long-term memories while relatively maintaining other ski...