the end of the cold war and the disintegration of the soviet :union: marked the start of a new era in international relations. when russia's power and influence weakened, some newly independent states of central asia and the caucasus have taken tendency toward relation with west. for europe resource of new countries notably oil and gas was very important for independent from russia energy....

doctors and clients sometimes experience interactive clashes during hospital meetings in south-western nigerian hospitals because of their divergent culture-constrained orientation to politeness cues. the goal of this paper is to unpack the discursive elements that characterize interactive confluence and divergence in selected consultative encounters in the hospitals. the findings indicate that...

With the overthrow of the Shah and the rise to power of Ayatollah Khomeini in 1979, Iran changed from a monarchy to an Islamic regime based on an Islamic Constitution and Islamic laws. As a result, a western stereotype of Iranian women as veiled and helpless creatures got created. This stereotypical view has dominated public opinion since 1979 in both Western societies in general, and among wes...

Abstract This article aims to make a threefold contribution the study of soft power. First, considering that potential power illiberal states is both underestimated and distorted, this presents two-dimensional conceptualization Russia’s power, distinguishing between posture toward liberal international order, sources foreign policy. Second, it analyzes whether Russian in Western Balkan countrie...

This paper contributes to the recent debates and emerging concepts in the international business literature by applying a social-institutionalist perspective that focuses on the processes of institution building in ventures between Western multinational corporations and post-socialist enterprises. It is argued that the knowledge and learning processes within these transnational sites are consti...

Critical Discourse Analysis uncovers the relationship between discourse, ideology, and power. This study investigated and analyzed contents, social relations, and subject positions in conversations of four popular advanced ELT textbooks. The findings indicated that for contents, giving/asking for information and interaction were outstandingly significant. Regarding social relations, friend was ...