art has not been extensively discussed in the islamic tradition, except a few instances in the islamic jurisprudence. there is no discussion of the essence or definition of art in islamic scholarly spheres, including philosophical spheres. one can find nothing comparable to the philosophy of art as found in the western philosophy, especially after the eighteenth century, in the philosophical or...

In the ‘false belief’ task (Wimmer and Perner 1983) autistics and three year olds attribute beliefs based on the objective truth of a situation in the world rather than what the person believes on the basis of available information. Several recalcitrant problems in philosophy are based on the same mistake in which philosophers take their own knowledge of the truth rather than the subject’s just...