in fact, this study focused on the following questions: 1. is there any difference between the effect of functional/notional approach and the structural approaches to language teaching on the proficiency test of efl learners? 2. can a rather innovative language test referred to as "functional test" ge devised so so to measure the proficiency test of efl learners, and thus be as much reliable an...

in this research the focus of the researcher is on the influence of american myths that have long been held and offered by the american culture and ideologies. sam shepard is conceived to be one of the greatest playwrights of the contemporary american theater. in his works he depicts broken characters who are struggling to keep up with the national expectations but are ceaselessly borne back to...

abstract target-oriented approaches to translation studies are regarded as recent theories of translation. one of the most famous theories among these approaches is descriptive translation studies presented by toury (1995). this theory gives a new dimension to translation studies and gives importance to the descriptive rather than prescriptive studies. it also identifies three sets of transla...

توریسم بعنوان پدیده­ای با سودآوری فراوان، بهمراه گسترش تکنولوژی ارتباطات، در وضعیت فعلی جهان از چنان جایگاهی برخوردار گردیده که از آن بعنوان صنعت توریسم یاد­ می­شود، لذا گردشگری برای ایران، که وابستگی شدیدی به درآمدهای نفتی دارد می­تواند راه نجات خوبی باشد، چراکه جذابیت­ها و قابلیت­های ایران آن­قدر فراوان است که حتی بسیاری از ایرانیان پی به آنها نبرده­اند. هدف این تحقیق معرفی توانمندی­های گردش...

abstract the third millennium has started, but the world is facing with serious challenges in achieving international security and peace. various human rights violations have lead the states to find means to protect human rights. also article 55 of the united nations charter introduces the respect to human rights and fundamental freedom as the most suitable ways to realize peace and security. ...

abstract the present research is prepared to study the culture of tea consuming among iranian. the case group which was statistically used for this study was people of lahijan , about four hundred wich were chosen according to their age , gender , education and occupation , randomly selected to fill the questionnaire . then the data collected through the questionnaire was analyzed according ...