Observing the weld pool and measuring its geometrical parameters are key issues for developing the next generation intelligent welding machine and modeling the complex welding process. In the past few years, different techniques have been applied, but the dynamic specular weld pool surface and the strong weld arc complicate these approaches and make observation difficult. To resolve the problem...

For many years, the welding community has assumed that the detachment events within Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process are stochastically driven. With this in mind, we set out to better understand these mechanisms and what might drive the detachment events. Through the investigation of 6061-Aluminum GMAW, a number of new insights into globular, and spray transfer modes have been found. By usi...

This paper provides a general introduction to welding fundamentals (section 2) followed by sections on a few selected welding processes that have had significant developments or improvements over the last few years. The processes that are discussed are friction welding (section 3), hot plate welding (section 4), ultrasonic welding (section 5), laser/IR welding (section 6), RF welding (section 7...

In order to study the effects of laser induced metal vapour on arc plasma during laser arc double sided welding (LADSW), emission spectroscopy techniques were utilised. The arc plasma in LADSW of 5A06 aluminium alloy was compared with conventional gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) in this work. The electron temperature and density were estimated by the Saha– Boltzmann equation and the Stark broad...

Taking into account the technical characteristics of the welding processes, associated with the fulfi lling clients’ requirements, the assurance of safe and healthy working places as well as the environment protection the fundamental meaning belongs to the application of the appropriate methods of risk assessment of these processes. The paper presents the results of risk analysis, using an inte...

When a positively buoyant vertical fluid jet directed downwards from its source impinges on a horizontal flat surface, the resulting flow is termed an “impinging fountain”. These flows arise in a number of practical situations, for example, in gas metal arc welding (GMAW). Developing a description of this flow presents the researcher with a number of challenges and forms the motivation for this...

Solid free-form fabrication (SFF) based on gas–tungsten arc welding (GTAW) is one of the few rapid prototyping techniques that has the capability to build three-dimensional metallic parts. For this application, a mild steel (AISI 1018) was used. The most important problem in this process was to find the optimal process parameters. The goal is to build complex three-dimensional parts by depositi...

Welding of niobium and tantalum materials is currently conducted in vacuum or inert gas chambers, which limits the size of the equipment to be produced. The objective of this study is to investigate the means to make TIG welding on these materials in atmospheric environment and analyse the effect of heat input on the properties of welds. It was found that it is possible to make TIG welds on the...

A group of stainless steel arc welding processes was compared for emission rates of fume and hexavalent chromium, and costs per meter length of weld. The objective was to identify those with minimal emissions and also compare relative labor and consumables costs. The selection included flux-cored arc welding (FCAW), shielded-metal arc welding (SMAW), and multiple gas metal arc welding (GMAW) pr...

Submerged arc welding is preferred over other methods of welding because of its inherent qualities like easy control of process variables, high quality, deep penetration, smooth finish, capability to weld thicker sections. Since the development of submerged arc welding process, welding engineers are striving for reduction in welding cost without compromise in the performance of the weld. Flux u...