Various methods have been used to economically design wastewater and stormwater collection systems. In this article, Discrete Differential Dynamic Programming (DDDP) which is a subsection of dynamic programming (DP) was used. For each pipe network, various alternatives such as depth and slope of pipe laying and various diameters could be considered to satisfy hydraulic and engineering constrain...

An optimal design of internal pressurized stiffened conical shell is investigated using the genetic algorithm (GA) to minimize the structural weight and to prevent various types of stress and buckling failures. Axial compressive load is applied to the shell. Five stress and buckling failures as constraints are taken into account. Using the discrete elements method as well as the energy method, ...

Various methods have been used to economically design wastewater and stormwater collection systems. In this article, Discrete Differential Dynamic Programming (DDDP) which is a subsection of dynamic programming (DP) was used. For each pipe network, various alternatives such as depth and slope of pipe laying and various diameters could be considered to satisfy hydraulic and engineering constrain...

A new method of constructing optimum constant weight codes over F2 based on a generalized (u,u + v) construction [1]∼ [3] is presented. We present a new method of constructing superimposed code C (h1,h2,··· ,hI) (s1,s2,··· ,sI) bound. and presented a large class of optimum constant weight codes over F2 that meet the bound due to Brouwer and Verhoeff [4], which will be referred to as BV . We pre...

An optimal trade-off design for fractional order (FO)-PID controller is proposed with a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) based technique using two conflicting time domain objectives. A class of delayed FO systems with single non-integer order element, exhibiting both sluggish and oscillatory open loop responses, have been controlled here. The FO time delay processes are handled within a multi-o...

Optimum design of singly and doubly reinforced beams with uniformly distributed and concentrated load has been done by incorporating actual self weight of beam, parabolic stress block, moment-equilibrium and serviceability constraints besides other constraints. Also, this design expertise has been incorporated into a genetically optimized artificial neural network based on steepest descent, ada...

Microneedles array is a new transdermal drug delivery technique designed to create holes in 15 the epidermis and penetrate the stratum corneum, thus avoiding the high resistance of this barrier. Microneedles have been shown to increase the skin permeability of drugs with no or little pain. However, the skin permeability of epidermis while using microneedle arrays has yet to be fully studied. In...