Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to characterize the effects of juvenile hormone (JH) on Epac (Exchange Protein directly Activated by Cyclic AMP; NM_001103732), a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rap1 in Drosophila S2 cells. JH treatment led to a rapid, dose-dependent increase in Epac relative expression ratio (RER) when compared to...

Notwithstanding the lack of exercise research, several reviews have championed the use of melatonin to combat metabolic syndrome. Therefore, this study compared substrate utilization during a 30-minute (min) graded exercise protocol following the ingestion of either 6 mg melatonin (M) or a placebo (P). Participants (12 women, 12 men) performed stages 1-5 of the Naughton graded exercise protocol...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables the evaluation of organ structure and function. Oxygen-enhanced MRI (O2-enhanced MRI) is a method for evaluating the pulmonary ventilation function using oxygen as a contrast agent. We created the Cine View of Relative Enhancement Ratio Map (Cine RER map) in O2-enhanced MRI to easily observe the contrast effect for clinical use. Relative enhancement rati...

Introduction Athletes must determine whether they will benefit most from exercise in the fasted or fed state when discussing variables such as substrate oxidation, muscle anabolism, and performance. Objective To determine the effects of a carbohydrate plus protein (C + P) beverage consumed during resistance exercise on respiratory exchange ratio (RER), blood glucose, and performance. Method...

Animals with intermittent lung ventilation and those exposed to hypoxia and hypercapnia will experience fluctuations in the bodily O2 and CO2 stores, but the magnitude and duration of these changes are not well understood amongst ectotherms. Using the changes in the respiratory exchange ratio (RER; CO2 excretion divided by O2 uptake) as a proxy for changes in bodily gas stores, we quantified ti...

Alterations in running shoe design have been studied and used the prevention of injury enhancement performance allowing companies to market a variety runners based on skill level, foot-strike pattern, even sex. These alterations shown affect biomechanical physiological variables associated with running. Some designed shoes specifically for biological female due morphological differences found b...

To characterize mechanisms responsible for fat accumulation we used a selectively bred obesity-prone (OP) and obesity-resistant (OR) rat model where the rats were fed a Western diet for 76 days. Body composition was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging scans, and as expected, the OP rats developed a higher degree of fat accumulation compared with OR rats. Indirect calorimetry showed that the ...

OBJECTIVE To describe different end criteria for reaching maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) during a continuous graded exercise test on the treadmill, and to explore the manner by which different end criteria have an impact on the magnitude of the VO2max result. METHODS A sample of 861 individuals (390 women) aged 20-85 years performed an exercise test on a treadmill until exhaustion. Gas exchan...

The maximal physiological responses to treadmill running (TMR), shallow water running (SWR) and deep water running (DWR) while wearing a buoyancy vest were compared in 15 trained male runners. Measurements included oxygen consumption (VO2 max), respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and heart rate (HR). Treadmill running elicited VO2 max and HRmax, which were higher than the peaks attained in both wa...