Knowledge of forest fuels and their potential fire behavior across a landscape is essential in fire management. Four customized fire behavior fuel models that differed significantly in fuels characteristics and environmental conditions were identified using hierarchical cluster analysis based on fuels data collected across a boreal forest landscape in northeastern China. Fuel model I represente...

Variational data assimilation is a very common method for the initialisation of numerical models. It is widely used for instance in Numerical Weather Prediction systems (Météo-France, UK MetOffice, . . .). It aims at finding an optimal initial solution that will bring the model trajectory closer to observations of the system over a given time window. This is done using optimal control technique...

Inclusion of clouds in an initial condition has been a long-term goal of many numerical weather prediction systems. The work with the ARPS model and ADAS initialization has been a notable example (Xue, et al., 2000). Work by Crook and Sun, 1997 has taken this even into the realm of the model adjoint. What we seek in this work is an a 3-D static analysis that can provide the kind of sophisticati...