AIMS To describe characteristics of a series of people accidentally and deliberately killed by air powered weapons. METHODS Five cases of fatal airgun injury were identified by forensic pathologists and histopathologists. The circumstances surrounding the case, radiological examination, and pathological findings are described. The weapon characteristics are also reported. RESULTS Three of t...

Unreliable signals of weapon strength are considered to be problematic for signalling theory and reliable signals are predicted to be the dominant form of signalling among conspecifics in nature. Previous studies have shown that males of the Australian freshwater crayfish (Cherax dispar) routinely use unreliable signals of strength whereas females use reliable signals of weapon strength. In thi...

OBJECTIVES To identify the type and extent of weapons being carried among young people in Scotland, and to determine the relation between use of illegal drugs and weapon carrying. DESIGN Questionnaire school survey. SETTING Independent schools in central Scotland and schools in Lanarkshire and Perth and Kinross. PARTICIPANTS 3121 students aged 11 to 16 in 20 schools. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUR...

This paper presents a game theoretic model that analyzes resource allocation strategies against an adaptive adversary to secure cargo container transportation. The defender allocates security resources that could interdict an unauthorized weapon insertion inside a container. The attacker observes the defender’s security strategy and chooses a site to insert the weapon. The attacker’s goal is to...

A new line of nuclear winter research shows that even small, regional nuclear wars could have catastrophic global consequences. However, major disarmament to avoid nuclear winter goes against the reasons nuclear weapon states have for keeping their weapons in the first place, in particular deterrence. To reconcile these conflicting aims, this paper develops the concept of winter-safe deterrence...

abstract background: mustard gas, lethal in high doses, affects multiple organs such as skin, eye and respiratory system. we studied the development of late onset mustardinduced polyneuropathy among chemically wounded iranian veterans. methods: in this descriptive study, 100 chemically wounded iranian veterans with severe eye involvement were examined for any signs and symptoms of polyneuropath...

As modern weapon systems become complex in dynamics and operational environments, evaluating their effectiveness becomes a hard task, accordingly. In order to analyze the effectiveness of a weapon system realistically, we have to consider not only dynamics of the weapon system, but also natural environments under which the weapons are operated, and operational strategies with which the weapons ...

This paper presents, formalises and classifies working time accounts (WTAs), a means of achieving flexible production capacity through the flexible organisation of working time. We propose linear programming models to plan working time, using WTA, at companies in the service industry. A computational experiment shows that the models can be solved for any planning problems of reasonable size.