among the usual interpolation methods, kriging and co-kriging are frequently used in the interpolation of precipitation data as one the best linear unbiased estimators, despite these advantages, there models show smoothness representation and because they are based on regional averages of the data, they predict maximum and minimum values   lower and higher than real values respectively. therefo...

Spatially continuous data of environmental variables are often required for environmental sciences and management. However, information for environmental variables is usually collected by point sampling, particularly for the mountainous region and deep ocean area. Thus, methods generating such spatially continuous data by using point samples become essential tools. Spatial interpolation methods...

This study presents a stochastic, threedimensional characterization of a heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity field within the Hanford 300 Area, Washington, USA, by assimilating large-scale, constant-rate injection test data with small-scale, three-dimensional electromagnetic borehole flowmeter (EBF) measurement data. We first inverted the injection test data to estimate the transmissivity fiel...

Multiple parasite infections are widespread in the developing world and understanding their geographical distribution is important for spatial targeting of differing intervention packages. We investigated the spatial epidemiology of mono- and co-infection with helminth parasites in East Africa and developed a geostatistical model to predict infection risk. The data used for the analysis were ta...

Due to the existence of a constant sum of constraints, the geochemical data is presented as the compositional data that has a closed number system. A closed number system is a dataset that includes several variables. The summation value of variables is constant, being equal to one. By calculating the correlation coefficient of a closed number system and comparing it with an open number system, ...

Spatially distributed estimates of ecological variables are generally required for use in geographic information systems (GIS) and models when dealing with many environmental phenomena [2]. In particular, the quality of GIS products depends often on local properties that vary in space. In this context, increased interest has been demonstrated to geostatistics, or spatial statistics, as an analy...