This paper demonstrates how stereotypic student groups can be created to enhance cognitive models in computer tutors. Computer tutors use cognitive models to track what skills students are learning and what practice attempts are most needed; often, these models contain relatively few individualized student parameters due to computational concerns. A hybrid approach emphasizing tractability and ...

cognitive appraisals of the trauma play a key role in children’s adjustment following a traumatic event, but how these appraisals develop is not well understood. cognitive models of posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd) suggest that social support is a key influence on the development of appraisals, and we aimed to explore this relationship further. as predicted by cognitive models of ptsd, we h...

Cognitive science currently offers models of cognition that depart substantively from those of information processing models and classical artificial intelligence, while it embraces methods of inquiry that include case-based, ethnographic, and philosophical methods. To illustrate, five overlapping approaches that constitute departures from classical representational cognitive science are briefl...

In cognitive science, natural cognitive processes are generally conceptualized as computational processes: they serve to transform sensory and mental inputs into mental and action outputs. At the highest level of abstraction, computational models of cognitive processes aim at specifying the computational problem computed by the process under study. Because computational problems are realistic c...

Recent accounts of mechanistic explanation suggest that models are only explanatory insofar as they map neatly onto lower level components (Craver, 2006; Piccinini and Craver, 2011; Kaplan and Craver, 2011). In the case of extensions into the cognitive sciences, this has meant interpreting the ‘integration’ of cognitive psychology and neuroscience to mean treating cognitive models as scaffoldin...

Cognitive biology refers to investigations of cognitive processes in a wide range of model organisms from bacteria to plants and animals. Although this research has generally been beyond the scope of mainstream cognitive science, I argue that cognitive science would benefit from integrating investigations into model organisms and focus on what can be learned from surprising model organisms—bact...

Computationalism is traditionally considered in the context of cognitive science as perhaps the dominant contemporary approach to understand cognition and cognitive phenomena. It consists in application of concepts and methods of theoretical computer science for understanding and (re)constructing phenomena appearing in much broader fields of science, including the natural sciences and also econ...