OBJECTIVES This study investigates the pattern of association between patient unawareness of illness and neuropsychological tests of frontal lobe function in subjects with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BD) with psychotic features. METHOD We administered the Wisconsin Card Sort Test (WCST) and a shortened version of the Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD) to a sample of...

The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) evaluates a subject's ability to shift to a new pattern of behavior in response to the presentation of unexpected negative feedback. The present study introduces a novel version of the traditional WCST by integrating a probabilistic component into its traditional rule shifting to add uncertainty to the task, as well as the option to forage for information ...

OBJECTIVES This study investigated what clinical and sociodemographic factors affected Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) factor scores of patients with schizophrenia to evaluate parameters or items of the WCST. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Patients with schizophrenia from three hospitals participated. PARTICIPANTS Participants were recruited from July 2009 to August 2011. 131 Ja...

OBJECTIVE This study investigated the impact of executive function on the performance of two different affective tasks, the Facial Affect Identification Task (FAIT) and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS Thirty-nine patients with schizophrenia and 33 healthy controls completed the FAIT and the IGT, followed by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the i...

This study explored differences in frontal white-matter (WM) integrity between methamphetamine (MA) abusers and healthy comparison subjects using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Fractional anisotropy (FA) values, which indicate WM integrity, were calculated for regions-of-interest in frontal WM on diffusion tensor images of 32 MA abusers and 30 healthy comparison subjects. Frontal executive fun...

This study examined the relationship between the degree of balance in bilinguals (i.e., degree to which an individual shows equivalence in their level of mastery of two languages) and performance on executive function tests. Twenty-four "more balanced" and 16 "less balanced" Spanish-English bilingual, third- and fourth-grade children completed the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, the...

Employment provides schizophrenic patients with a positive identity and hope. Cognitive impairments have been suggested to slow down the progress in work rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and effectiveness of VR as a cognitive intervention for enhancing vocational outcomes. 95 inpatients with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to a virtual reality-based...

Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy due to hippocampal sclerosis (TLE/HS) have a distinct neuropsychological profi le, but there is still debate on whether executive dysfunction is part of this profi le and also whether temporal lobe surgery can modify this dysfunction. Objective: To study the presence and reversibility of executive dysfunction in patients with unilateral TLE/HS. Methods: Twen...

OBJECTIVE We investigated executive functions (EFs), as evaluated by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and other EF between lower grades (LG) and higher grades (HG) in elementary-school-age attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children. METHODS We classified a sample of 112 ADHD children into 4 groups (composed of 28 each) based on age (LG vs. HG) and WCST performance [lower ...

Patients with schizophrenia suffer from symptoms such as hallucination and delusion. There are currently a number of publications that discuss the treatment, diagnosis, prognosis, and damage in schizophrenia. This study utilized joint independent component analysis to process the images of GMV and WMV and incorporated the Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) and the positive and negative syndrome...