Water quality regulation and litigation have elevated the awareness and need for quantifying water quality and source contributions in watersheds across the USA. In the present study, the regression method, which is typically applied to large (perennial) rivers, was evaluated in its ability to estimate constituent loads (NO(3)-N, total N, PO(4)-P, total P, sediment) on three small (ephemeral) w...

Future climate and land-use changes and growing human populations may reduce the abundance of water resources relative to anthropogenic and ecological needs in the Northeast and Midwest (U.S.). We used output from WaSSI, a water accounting model, to assess potential changes between 2010 and 2060 in (1) anthropogenic water stress for watersheds throughout the Northeast and Midwest and (2) native...

This study applies the observation of alignment between geographical watersheds and linguistic groupings to the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayas. Tournadre (2014) estimates 220 Tibetic language varieties in 25 major groupings, sharing a common linguistic ancestry. Typological groupings can be readily identified through mapping human settlements to watersheds. For areas that have yet to be rese...

We study the watersheds in edge-weighted graphs. Contrarily to previous works, we define the watersheds following the intuitive idea of drops of water flowing on a topographic surface. We establish the consistency (with respect to characterizations of the catchment basins and dividing lines) of these watersheds, prove their optimality (in terms of minimum spanning forests) and derive a linear-t...

This study was conducted to determine if the Agricultural Policy/Environmental Extender (APEX) model could reasonably replicate the effects of silvicultural practices on streamflow and loading of sediments and nutrients. APEX was modified to enhance factors associated with forestry conditions such as rainfall interception by canopy, litter, subsurface flow, nutrient movement, and routing enrich...

The convergence of communications and information technology within education, as well as more widely, means that concepts developed within ITS & AIED are now applicable to a wider range of wired, and more interestingly 'wireless', technologies. Interactive TV, supported by broadband broadcasting, offers interesting possibilities for education. The use of TV (and radio) in education has a long ...

We survey the evaluation methodology adopted in Information Extraction (IE), as defined in the MUC conferences and in later independent efforts applying machine learning to IE. We point out a number of problematic issues that may hamper the comparison between results obtained by different researchers. Some of them are common to other NLP tasks: e.g., the difficulty of exactly identifying the ef...