This article surveys the essential features of atmospheric water vapor dynamics needed to address current issues regarding the possible role of water vapor changes in mediating climate fluctuations on the millennial to Milankovic time scales. The focus is on the subtropics, which afford the most interesting possibilities for significant feedbacks. The observed distribution of water vapor, the a...

Radiances observed by the Interferometric Monitor for Greenhouse gases sounder have been used to retrieve temperature, water vapor, and ozone profiles. It is shown that the sounder allows us to simultaneously retrieve stable solutions for temperature and water vapor. Once water vapor and temperature have been retrieved, ozone profile may be estimated on the same fine vertical mesh as water vapo...

Second derivative and Fourier self-deconvolution (FSD) are two commonly used techniques to resolve the overlapped component peaks from the often featureless amide I band in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) curve-fitting approach for protein secondary structural analysis. Yet, the reliability of these two techniques is greatly affected by the omnipresent water vapor in the atmosphere. Several c...

The effect of dry material, glycerol and ratio of water to seed in alyssum homalocarpum films on their thickness, transparency, moisture content, tensile strength, elongation and water vapor permeability was investigated using mixture response surface methods. Dry material and glycerol were important factors influencing tensile strength, elongation and water vapor permeability. Ratio of water t...

Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close Abstract Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close Abstract A transient model simulation from 1960 to 2000 with the coupled climate-chemistry model (CCM) ECHAM4.L39(DLR)/CHEM shows a stratospheric water vapor trend during the last two decades of +0.7 ppmv and additionally a short-term increase during volcanic erup...

the effect of dry material, glycerol and ratio of water to seed in alyssum homalocarpum films on their thickness, transparency, moisture content, tensile strength, elongation and water vapor permeability was investigated using mixture response surface methods. dry material and glycerol were important factors influencing tensile strength, elongation and water vapor permeability. ratio of water t...

BACKGROUND Amalgam that is used for dental fillings contains approximately 50% elemental mercury. During dental student training, amalgam is often removed by drilling without the use of water spray and suction, which are protective measures in preventing mercury aerosol. In this study we measured mercury vapor levels in ambient air during amalgam removal as is typically performed in dental trai...

HYPOTHESIS Droplet wettability and mobility play an important role in dropwise condensation heat transfer. Heat exchangers and heat pipes operate at liquid-vapor saturation. We hypothesize that the wetting behavior of liquid water on microstructures surrounded by pure water vapor differs from that for water droplets in air. EXPERIMENTS The static and dynamic contact angles and contact angle h...

STUDY OBJECTIVE Local nasal hyperthermia or inhalation of heated water vapor is often recommended as a home remedy for various rhinitis disorders such as the common cold and allergic rhinitis. Inhaled heated vapor treatments and simple saline solution nasal irrigation were investigated for their effect on inflammatory mediator production in nasal secretions. DESIGN Three treatments were given...