love soap bubbles. They're beautiful, delicate, and though they live only briefly, it's a glorious moment. They float on the air, brilliant colors wobbling over their surface, and when they pop into nothingness, it's just an opportunity to make more bubbles! This issue and next I'll talk about the chemistry, physics, and computer graphics of soap bubbles. Here I'll focus on the physics of soap ...

in order to investigate the effect of soil matric potential and tube layout on yield and water use efficiency of greenhouse cucumber, a field experiment was carried out during 2010 and 2012 growing seasons at an experimental farm in jiroft territory. the treatments were laid out in strip split plot a randomized complete block design with three replications. the treatments were comprised of fore...

Lecithin-rich mixtures of the nontoxic surfactants lecithin and Tween 80 are effective marine oil spill dispersants, but produce much higher oil-water interfacial tension than other, comparably effective dispersants. This suggests interfacial phenomena other than interfacial tension influence lecithin-Tween 80 dispersants' effectiveness. The interface between seawater and dispersant-crude oil m...

We report on measurements of the cavitation pressure in several liquids subjected to tension in an acoustic wave and compare the results to classical nucleation theory (CNT). This study is motivated by the sizable discrepancy between the acoustic cavitation threshold measured in water and the value predicted by CNT. We find that the same discrepancy is present for heavy water, whereas the agree...

This work addresses the experimental measurements of the surface tension of eight imidazolium based ionic liquids (ILs) and their dependence with the temperature (288-353 K) and water content. The set of selected ionic liquids was chosen to provide a comprehensive study of the influence of the cation alkyl chain length, the number of cation substitutions and the anion on the properties under st...

Aerosol particles in the atmosphere are important participants in the formation of cloud droplets and have significant impact on cloud albedo and global climate. According to the Köhler theory which describes the nucleation and the equilibrium growth of cloud droplets, the surface tension of an aerosol droplet is one of the most important factors that determine the critical supersaturation of d...

The behaviors of a series of calcium halides and of alkali earth metal chlorides in the air/water surface region were studied in comparison with those of alkali metal halides by measuring the surface tension increments of solutions. The effect of salts with divalent cations on the surface tension increments is more pronounced than that of uni-univalent salts, but there are some similarities bet...

In this work, molecular dynamics simulation is performed to study the density and surface tension of water for a range of temperatures from 300 to 600 K. The extended simple point charge interaction potential for water is used. The particle-particle particle-mesh method, which automatically includes untruncated long-range terms, is used for the Lennard-Jones and the Coulombic terms. The results...

It is known that the governing equations for the evolution of the envelope of weakly nonlinear capillary-gravity wave packets, the so-called Davey-Stewartson equation, admit dromion solutions in the limit of shallow water and strong surface tension, i.e., when kh≪1 and the Bond number (Bo) ≡T/ρgh^{2}>1/3 (where T is the surface tension coefficient and h the water depth). Here we show that capil...

We have used dynamic interfacial tension measurements to understand the structure of the ordered monolayer at the hexadecane/water interface induced by the presence of surfactant molecules. No abrupt changes in the interfacial tension (gamma) are observed during the expansion and contraction cycle below the interfacial ordering temperature (Ti) as observed for alkanes in contact with air. The l...