this paper explains a model for analyzing and measuring the propagation of order amplifications (i.e. bullwhip effect) for a single-product supply network topology considering exogenous uncertainty and linear and time-invariant inventory management policies for network entities. the stream of orders placed by each entity of the network is characterized assuming customer demand is ergodic. in fa...

Kenneth Arrow's impossibility theorem in social choice theory is remarkable for being at once both definitive and inscrutable. It seems to disallow a rational procedure for collective choice without suggesting practical ways to reduce the probability or magnitude of the problem. To shed light on this issue, and considering the difficulties of recreating real-world political dynamics in the lab,...

Recent advances in real-time water sensing technology have enabled new opportunities for improved assessment and management of water distribution systems. The implementation of WaterWiSe, a real-time, on-line hydraulic and water-quality monitoring system in Singapore is helping improve efficiency and maintaining supply standards across the water distribution network. As its primary data source,...

Water supply systems are mainly classified into branched and looped network systems. The main difference between these two systems is that, in a branched network system, the flow within each pipe is a known value, whereas in a looped network system, the flow in each pipe is considered an unknown value. Therefore, an analysis of a looped network system is a more complex task. This study aims to ...

lack of sewage collection systems, percolation of surface waters, and seepage of wells have raised the groundwater table in shiraz area in the south of iran. the growing population generates environmental pollution resulting in the degradation of the quality of surface and groundwaters used for agriculture. inorganic and organic pollutants have been traced in shiraz water resources. heavy metal...

totoday’s market place is increasingly dynamic and volatile. in this area supply network issues recently have attracted a lot of attention from industrial practitioners and academics worldwide. chaos theory is the study of complex, nonlinear, dynamic systems. for chaotic systems, a tiny change in conditions may result in an enormous change in system output, whereas substantial changes in condit...

OBJECTIVES To report trihalomethane (THM) and haloacetic acid (HAA) concentrations in drinking water, assess variations in these concentrations depending on source and over time, and estimate individual intake during pregnancy. METHODS Water taken from 33 representative points of the water supply network of the 25 municipalities in the study area was analyzed from 2006-2008. Water drinking ha...

Water resources development options are usually selected on a least-cost basis. While economic considerations are dominant in choosing projects, there are also a mix of other factors including social demands, political expediency, social equity, and environmental considerations that impact final decisions and development of water supply systems. Understanding local priorities in water resource ...