A novel method for real-time and inline wetness measurement based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is presented in this paper. The Kretschmann geometry is adopted to excite surface plasmon waves in our measurement system. In order to prevent water coating, an ultrathin layer of hydrophobic coating is formed on the surface of Au layer. The experimental results show that the level of steam wetn...

Introduction The use of hydrogen as a clean and sustainable fuel depends on an efficient and inexpensive method of producing the gas. Currently, most hydrogen is produced from steam reformation with hydrocarbons, where water splitting (hydrolysis) is performed by reacting steam to carbon-based fuels. To avoid the use of hydrocarbons and greenhouse gas emissions, hydrolysis is also possible thro...

For a constant pressure differential, the flow of wet steam generated electric potentials which increased with time and did not reach equilibrium values. These pobcntials were found to increase to values greater than 100 volts. The reason for this kind of potential build-up behavior was the presence of tiny flowing water slugs which were interspersed with electrically nonconductive steam vapor ...

The results of an investigation evaluating the feasibility of using optical measurements for the real-time monitoring of fluid properties in geothermal process streams is described. The measurements exploit new technologies that have been developed for the telecommunications industry and include new solid state laser devices, large-bandwidth, high-sensitivity detectors and low loss optical fibe...

The solar steam process, akin to the natural water cycle, is considered to be an attractive approach to address water scarcity issues globally. However, water extraction from groundwater, for example, has not been demonstrated using these existing technologies. Additionally, there are major unaddressed challenges in extracting potable water from seawater including salt accumulation and long-ter...

At low pressure and temperature, water is easily vaporized under partial vacuum pressure. Desalination of seawater as source of potable water is globally considered as an applied reliable technology. At low temperature and pressure, the heat transfer process yield is higher than any normal process. Therefore, the rate of vaporization of seawater is much higher than any usual processes. The part...

The cooling of the steel strip in ROT (run out table) of the hot rolling process is very important in that the ROT is the final process to control the mechanical properties of the final products. In general the products are cooled by the circular water jets which makes the comparatively thick residual water layer about 100–200 mm with the supplied flow rate on the plate. The basic phenomenon go...

PROCESS AND TECHNOLOGY STATUS – Combustion boilers are widely used to generate steam for industrial applications and power generation. While all kinds of energy sources fossil fuels, biomass, nuclear and solar energy, electricity can be used to generate heat and steam, the scope of this brief is limited to combustion boilers using fossil fuels and biomass. Boilers can be grouped into two broad ...

In this paper, we describe the implementation and usage of a simulation with graphical visualization for a steam-boiler [Abri94]. The simulation imitates the behaviour of the steam-boiler and can be controlled using a simple ASCII protocol. It reacts to defined commands and sends information about its state every five seconds. Furthermore, we describe the options available, the protocol which f...

This paper deals with the application of steam to enhance the recovery from petroleum reservoirs. We formulate a mathematical and numerical model that simulates coinjection of volatile oil with steam into a porous rock in a one-dimensional setting. We utilize the mathematical theory of conservation laws to validate the numerical simulations. This combined numerical and analytical approach revea...