Detection of environmental contamination such as trace-level toxic heavy metal ions mostly relies on bulky and costly analytical instruments. However, a considerable global need exists for portable, rapid, specific, sensitive, and cost-effective detection techniques that can be used in resource-limited and field settings. Here we introduce a smart-phone-based hand-held platform that allows the ...

OBJECTIVE To assess the extent and causes of microbiological contamination of household drinking water between source and point-of-use in developing countries. METHODS A systematic meta-analysis of 57 studies measuring bacteria counts for source water and stored water in the home to assess how contamination varied between settings. RESULTS The bacteriological quality of drinking water signi...

Groundwater plays an important role in the environment as it contributes to irrigation, streams and rivers, and wetland habitats affecting many species of plants and animals. Groundwater provides over half the drinking water for the nation; it is important to protect such an important resource. Groundwater contamination, though almost impossible to stop in some areas, can be minimized by deline...

monitoring and assessment of water has become environmental concern due to the contamination by man kind. one of the most important crises of the 21st century is the availability of drinking water, a resource basic to our survival and growth. most of the fresh water bodies all over the world are getting polluted thus decreasing the suitability of the fresh water. the area of the study, selected...

Oil and natural gas production is often accompanied by large amounts of wastewater [1]. The volumetric ratio of water-to-oil will increase over the lifetime of an operation and can eventually exceed 90%. Water is also associated with some, but not all, gas production. For instance, dry sources of gas are found in Alberta, Canada. Produced water is often reinjected into the well to increase oil ...

BACKGROUND Microbiological contamination of water in dental unit waterlines (DUWL) creates a risk of cross-infections, and is a source of biological risk factors in the work environment of a dentist. The aim of the study was to evaluate dentists' knowledge on DUWL microbiological contamination and the scope of activities/procedures they undertake to monitor it. MATERIALS AND METHOD The questi...

Petroleum hydrocarbon contamination of ground water is a significant and often complex problem. The complexity results from the fact that ground-water contamination is a product of soil contamination. Especially with older spills, significant amounts of hydrocarbons can be trapped below the water table. Traditional pump and treat is ineffective because of the low solubility of trapped oily phas...

Groundwater contamination is a serious threat to water supply. Risk assessment of groundwater contamination is an effective way to protect the safety of groundwater resource. Groundwater is a complex and fuzzy system with many uncertainties, which is impacted by different geological and hydrological factors. In order to deal with the uncertainty in the risk assessment of groundwater contaminati...