Despite WHO standards, waterborne diseases among the human being are rising alarmingly. It is known that the prolong exposure to contaminated water has major impact on public health. The effect of chemical contaminations in drinking water on human being is found to be chronic rather than acute and hence can be defined "consumption of contaminated drinking water could be a silent killer". As the...

Deaths associated with strokes from 1963 to 1975 among 36,860 adult residents of Washington County, Maryland, were studied in relation to the hardness of drinking water at home, assessed on the basis of 1,569 water samples taken during this period. There was no satisfactory evidence that water hardness was related to stroke mortality. Age was a strongly related factor. There was little or no as...

There is evidence to suggest that mortality from ischaemic heart disease is associated with social class, water hardness, rainfall, and temperature. In a comparison of 61 county boroughs, Gardner, Crawford, and Morris (1969) investigated the relationship between cardiovascular mortality and 80 environmental indices which they reduced to five principal components-social factor score, domestic ai...

Toxicity of cadmium to early life stages of brown trout (Salmo trutta) was determined at multiple water hardnesses. Increasing water hardness decreased cadmium toxicity. Postswimup fry were much more sensitive than embryos and larvae. Chronic values from early life stage tests initiated with eyed embryos were 3.52, 6.36, and 13.6 g Cd/L at water hardnesses of 30.6, 71.3, and 149 mg/L, respectiv...

BACKGROUND Major risk factors do not entirely explain the worldwide variability of morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease. Environmental exposures, including drinking water minerals may affect cardiovascular disease risks. METHOD We conducted a qualitative review of the epidemiological studies of cardiovascular disease and drinking water hardness and calcium and magnesium level...

A study of water quality parameters of ground water of North, Central and South regions of Kalol Taluka in Gandhinagar district of Gujarat state, India have been carried out during May2006. The observed values of various physico-chemical parameters of water samples were compared with standard recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test have been a...