BACKGROUND Artistic Gymnastics is a sport where athletes are frequently fatigued. One element that might influence this aspect is carbohydrate, an important energy substrate for the muscles and the CNS. Our goal was to investigate the influence of fatigue over artistic gymnastics athlete's performance and the effects of a carbohydrate supplementation on their performance. METHODS We evaluated...

When a droplet hits a hot surface beyond the Leidenfrost temperature, the droplet will bounce on the hot surface. This unique bouncing phenomenon only occurs in the film boiling region. This paper discusses the relationship between the residence time of droplet and droplet bouncing phenomena during droplet impact on hot horizontal surfaces. In this experiment, aluminum (mirror polished) was sel...

The chemical composition of surface snow and rime ice has been measured in a winter mountain setting for the purpose of identifying the principal scavenging mechanisms. The siting permitted the results to be interpreted with minimal consideration of below-cloud scavenging processes and close comparison of the snow and rime ice compositions. The concentrations of all major ions in the snow were ...

Many of today’s scenic assessment tools were developed initially to preserve the visual quality public lands and mitigate negative impacts large-scale landscape alterations, such as timber harvesting, mineral extraction, renewable energy production. However, we are beginning see more interest today in preserving views on non-public lands. This essay makes a case for additional that reveal deep ...

Despite certain shortcomings, boiling is still the most common means of treating water in the home and the benchmark against which alternative household-based disinfection and filtration methods must be measured. We assessed the microbiological effectiveness and cost of boiling among a vulnerable population relying on unimproved water sources and commonly practicing boiling as a means of disinf...

The extension of piped water supplies in Anglesey, North Wales, 30 years ago and the consequent introduction of domestic hot water systems was followed by an epidemic of appendicitis. This occurred while appendicitis rates were falling elsewhere in Britain. The diet of Anglesey is unremarkable. This is further evidence that epidemics of appendicitis occur during the transition to 'western' hygi...

Diversity patterns of aquatic insects among sampling sites lying with!ç the unprotected and protected areas of Western Ghats were studied. This study primarily emphasizes whether anthropogenic influence is the prime cause for the presence of aquatic insects especially of pollution-sensitive organisms belonging to the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera, or to factors such as the ph...

The advantages of using the fundamental topographic features of a surface namely the peaks, pits, passes, ridges and channels as the observers (viewpoints) in visibility computation is presented. Considerable time can be saved without any significant information loss by using the fundamental topographic features as observers in the terrain. This optimisation is achieved because of a reduced num...