During the past century, the number and scale of reservoirs worldwide has grown substantially to meet the demand for water and hydropower arising from increased population, industrialization, and urbanization. This is particularly the case in China, where reservoir construction increased rapidly after the Chinese economic reform and the introduction of open-door policies. On average, 4.4 large ...

check dams, are small dams in the watershed. these dams are constructed in susceptible areas to erosion due to reduce of flow velocity and erosion, control of sediment and flood in upstream of reservoir dams. these structures are made using wood, stone and cement, and gabion. these structures change the hydrological response of the watershed by reducing flow velocity, the channel slope and stor...

This paper investigates the impact of dams on infant mortality using 32 waves of DHS data that have GPS locations of households. This allows us to estimate the impact of dams on households that reside upstream, downstream, and within its immediate vicinity. We use a sample of over 400,000 children in 17 countries in Africa. In contrast to earlier research on the impact of dams on agricultural p...

Eroded sediments from catchment areas transport by streams and deposit in downstream less steep areas. Despite reducing the useful life of various hydraulic structures including reservoir dams, flood walls, and bridges, this phenomenon changes the main river hydraulic conditions and increases the flood prone farms in the riverbank area. Check dams are among the structures that can prevent form ...

Abstract. With rapid population growth and socioeconomic development over the last century, a great number of dams/reservoirs have been constructed globally to meet various needs. China has strong economical societal demands for constructing dams reservoirs. The official statistics reported more than 98 000 in China, including nearly 40 % world's largest dams. Despite availability several globa...

Dams are very important for generating electricity and providing drinking water. However, they have major negative impacts on water quality, aquatic ecology, land, terrestrial wildlife, vegetation, air quality. Mitigation measures should be put in place to reduce these the environment. For example, impact sediment control drainage constructed. To chemical pollution, containers provided waste. W...

With the continuing pressure on Australia’s water resources and interand intra-annual rainfall variability, farmers, especially in rainfed agricultural and pastoral zones, have been developing farm dams as a mean of providing additional water sources for irrigation and stock. The density of farm dams has increased over time, and an accurate knowledge of the spatial distribution of farm dams is ...

Laboratory experiments allow the investigation of complex interactions between impacts and an atmosphere. Although small in scale, they can provide essential first-order constraints on the processes affecting late-stage ballistic ejecta and styles of ejecta emplacement around much larger craters on planetary surfaces. The laboratory experiments involved impacting different fine-grained particul...

Whole cell voltage-clamp recordings of freshly isolated cells were used to study changes in the currents through voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels during the postnatal development of immature radial glial cells into Müller cells of the rabbit retina. Using Ba(2+) or Ca(2+) ions as charge carriers, currents through transient low-voltage-activated (LVA) Ca(2+) channels were recorded in cells from ear...