objective: to measure the long-term linear hygroscopic expansion (lhe) of several materials using bulked and layered techniques. materials and methods: seven materials were used; fuji cap ii, fuji ii lc, photac-fil aplicap, vitremer, dyract, tetric and z100. ten specimens (6×4 mm) were made for each material using layered and bulked techniques (each group comprises five specimens). the specimen...

A paradigm lost? Not according to the studies of Duquette, Bissonnette, and Lapointe (1), which present a direct test of the recently advanced cotransport hypothesis of water absorption. The results of these studies argue, strongly, that the widely accepted notion that osmotic coupling is the single mechanism responsible for water transport across biological membranes, in general, and epithelia...

Silica-Enoxil nanobiocomposites with 13 %w of Enoxil were prepared either by mechanical mixing of corresponding powders or by sorptive modification of fumed silica powder with aqueous Enoxil solution under fluidized bed conditions. The interaction of fumed silica with Enoxil and the properties of silica-Enoxil composites have been investigated using IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, ...

To understand and model the energetics of the Sun-Earth connection, measurements of specific atmospheric molecules are beneficial. Our objective is to formulate an algorithm to derive temporally varying atmospheric water vapor concentrations as a function of altitude, latitude, and longitude from solar irradiance absorption measurements. The Visidyne SAM instrument is used to study the size dis...

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and gravimetric methods were carried out to analyze water uptake of thin polyurethane films separately filled with either hydrophobic or hydrophilic nano-silica. Correspondingly the impedance spectra and gravimetric data were interpreted in terms of movement of water within the coating and/or to the coating/metal interface. Although the obtained results fr...

Salicylic acid was applied topically to the skin of rabbits and humans in order to study the pharmacokinetics of percutaneous absorption, and the effects of formulation and application variables on the rate and extent of absorption. Drug samples incorporated into hydrophilic ointment (USP} and hydrophilic ointment containing 10% urea, were applied to the shaved abdominal areas of female New Zea...

throughout the present research, squash (cucurbita pepo) slices (0.4 cm thickness and 4 cm diameter) were blanched in a steam chamber for 4 min. following cooling to room temperature, the squash slices were dehydrated by use of a hotair dryer, under air temperature of 60°c up to moisture content of 0.1065 kg h2o per kg d.m. squash slices of specified weights were rehydrated by immersion in dist...

groundwater quality in nour coastal plain in mazandaran province of iran is assessed by measuring physicochemical parameters including total dissolved solid, electrical conductivity, ph, total hardness, major cation and anion compositions and nitrate pollution. for this purpose, fifty groundwater samples were collected in july 2012. the hydrochemical types, ca–hco3 and mg–hco3 dominate in all s...