Textile effluents are characterised by high content of recalcitrant compounds and are often discharged (together with municipal wastewater to increase their treatability) into centralized wastewater treatment plants with a complex treatment scheme. This paper reports the results achieved adopting a granular sludge system (sequencing batch biofilter granular reactor - SBBGR) to treat mixed munic...

Agriculture is the main user of water in Italy, as in most regions of the world. Particularly in Mediterranean regions, where it is more difficult to meet the agricultural water demand with conventional resources, wastewater reuse represents a viable option. Drip irrigation is particularly suitable for wastewater reuse because it minimises the health risks to farmers and product consumers due t...

Clean fresh water is essential to our life. Unfortunately, in our consumer-based economy, a large amounts of wastewater having been generated by industrial plants. Wastewaters produced in many industrial plants often contain organic compounds which are toxic and not amenable to direct biological treatment. These wastewaters must be treated in order to meet the specifications for discharge or fo...

Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) occur when flows exceed the hydraulic capacity of either the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) or the collection system that transports the combined flow of storm water and sanitary sewage to the WWTP. When an overflow occurs, the excess flows tend to be discharged into a receiving body of water. CSOs typically discharge a variable mixture of raw sewage, industri...

Hospital laboratory wastewater has been considered to significantly change the degree of contamination of especially the hospital wastewater. The present study investigated the hospital clinical laboratory wastewater and the pollution loads were assessed for pathogens, heavy metals, and organic materials. Composite samples were collected from clinical laboratory wastewater of a 350-bed hospital...

the ultimate goal of this work was to recommend and install the necessary advanced wastewater treatment facilities to allow southern service company to continue discharging wastewater into st. bernard sewerage district no. 1 sanitary sewer system. as of june 14, 1976, these facilities were installed and fully operational. the resulting waste-water effluent was tested and found to be totally acc...

The proposed on-site zero-water discharge system was comprised of four main components: anaerobic tank, aerobic bioreactor, activated soil filter and water-collecting well. The results demonstrate that at 350 m(3) day(-1) of hydraulic load, the system can effectively remove pollutants from the wastewater, e.g., 86% removal of COD; 87% removal of SS; 80% removal of TP and 71% removal of TN. The ...

About 700,000 on-site wastewater treatment systems (OWTS) have been installed in Sweden, serving both year-round and summer houses (Olshammar et al., 2015). Their treatment efficiency is often questioned, because they may contribute considerably to eutrophication of natural surface waters. It is estimated that the phosphorus (P) discharge of all the OWTSs accounts for 15% of the total anthropog...

A horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland was investigated after eight years of residential wastewater discharge (150 person equivalents). Twenty core samples distributed over the entire wetland were taken from the soil matrix. The distribution pattern of phosphorus (P) accumulation in the substrate of the wetland was determined using kriging technique and P sorption was related to the c...

The concept of water footprint (WF) is an important breakthrough in the evolving of methodologies, approaches and indicators for measuring freshwater appropriation and assessing the wastewater discharge. Industrial water footprint (IWF) methodology, which concentrates on the industrial production stages, can present a clear graphic of freshwater consumption and impacts caused by wastewater disc...