This paper describes the Syrian experience with respect to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) waste produced by the Syrian oil industry. Three main categories of NORM waste were identified. First, hard scales from decontamination of contaminated equipment and tubular that are considered to contain the highest levels of radium isotopes (Ra, Ra, Ra); this type of waste being current...

a solid state fermentation method was developed for the production of citric acid from date pulp (obtained of date syrup production from the process) by aspergillus niger ptcc 5010. poor yield was obtained when potassium ferrocyanide treated date pulp were used as substrate, but methanol at a 3-4% concentration markedly increased the forma-tion of citric acid from the waste. the optimum range o...

The integrated disposal of surface subsidence pits and surface solid waste can be realized by backfilling a surface subsidence area with a paste made from the solid wastes of mines, such as tailings and waste rock. The microstructures of these wastes determine the macroscopic properties of a paste backfill. This paper presents an experimental study on the internal structure evolution of pasty f...

Abstract Mining is of major economic, environmental and societal consequence, yet knowledge understanding its global footprint still limited. Here, we produce a mining land use dataset via remote sensing analysis high-resolution, publicly available satellite imagery. The comprises 74,548 polygons, covering ~66,000 km 2 features like waste rock dumps, pits, water ponds, tailings dams, heap leach...

Hormonal profiles of hens in curtain side-walled high-rise deep pit and flush-waste layer houses were initiated at placement of hens in cages in August and continued through a 50 weeks long laying trial. In mid-January, a cold weather-related incident caused the rupture of water lines and flooding of the manure pits in the deep pit layer house, allowing atmospheric ammonia to rise to a high of ...

Introduction: Impact craters containing central pits are rare on dry bodies like the Moon but common on Mars and the icy moons of the outer solar system. Impact into and vaporization of subsurface volatiles is the probable cause of central pit formation [1, 2]. Vi-king-based studies of central pit craters on Mars found regional distributions of these craters, with an apparent preference for the...