Introduction: Shivering after anaesthesia and surgery is a common complication. Different methods are used for control of shivering in the recovery room. The opioids such as pethidine are very common in shivering control. Pethidine can be induced apnea, respiratory depression and nausea &vomiting. The respiratory rate and spo2 can lead to more rapid diagnosis and treatment of serious hypoxemia ...

There is ongoing debate as to whether fish body size will decrease with global warming and how these changes may impact dispersal ability speciation rate. Theory predicts that, under warmer temperatures, grow a smaller size, undergo reduction in increase rates. However, evaluations of such predictions are hampered owing the lack empirical data spanning both wide temporal geographical scales. He...

Ocean warming and acidification are concomitant global drivers that are currently threatening the survival of marine organisms. How species will respond to these changes depends on their capacity for plastic and adaptive responses. Little is known about the mechanisms that govern plasticity and adaptability or how global changes will influence these relationships across multiple generations. He...

Recent clinical studies show that the contour of the photoplethysmogram (PPG) wave contains valuable information for characterizing cardiovascular activity. However, analyzing the PPG wave contour is difficult; therefore, researchers have applied first or higher order derivatives to emphasize and conveniently quantify subtle changes in the filtered PPG contour. Our hypothesis is that analyzing ...

1. Lately, there has been interest in using the intrinsic growth rate (rm) to predict the effects of climate warming on ectotherm population viability. However, because rm is calculated using the Euler-Lotka equation, its reliability in predicting population persistence depends on whether ectotherm populations can achieve a stable age/stage distribution in thermally variable environments. Here,...

We tested the hypothesis that skin temperature, specifically of the head, is capable of modulating thermal behavior during exercise in the cold. Following familiarization 8 young, healthy, recreationally active males completed 3 trials, each consisting of 30 minutes of self-paced cycle ergometry in 6°C. Participants were instructed to control their exercise work rate to achieve and maintain the...

Time course studies are critical for understanding regulatory mechanisms and temporal constraints in ectothermic animals acclimating to warmer temperatures. Therefore, we investigated the dynamics of heart rate and its neuro-humoral control in rainbow trout ( ITALIC! Onchorhynchus mykissL.) acclimating to 16°C for 39 days after being acutely warmed from 9°C. Resting heart rate was 39 beats min(...

Intracellular ice is generally lethal. One way to avoid it is to vitrify cells; that is, to convert cell water to a glass rather than to ice. The belief has been that this requires both the cooling rate and the concentration of glass-inducing solutes be very high. But high solute concentrations can themselves be damaging. However, the findings we report here on the vitrification of mouse oocyte...

BACKGROUND The establishment rate of invasive alien insect species has been increasing worldwide during the past century. This trend has been widely attributed to increased rates of international trade and associated species introductions, but rarely linked to environmental change. To better understand and manage the bioinvasion process, it is crucial to understand the relationship between glob...