Climate change-induced warming and ocean acidification are considered two imminent threats to marine biodiversity and current ecosystem structures. Here, we have for the first time examined an animal's response to a complete life cycle of exposure to co-occurring warming (+3°C) and ocean acidification (+1,600 μatm CO 2), using the key subarctic planktonic copepod, Calanus finmarchicus, as a mod...

Local warming of skin induces vasodilation by unknown mechanisms. To test whether nitric oxide (NO) is involved, we examined effects of NO synthase (NOS) inhibition with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on vasodilation induced by local warming of skin in six subjects. Two adjacent sites on the forearm were instrumented with intradermal microdialysis probes for delivery of L-NAME and so...

Warming-induced drought has widely affected forest dynamics in most places of the northern hemisphere. In this study, we assessed how climate warming has affected Picea crassifolia (Qinghai spruce) forests using tree growth-climate relationships and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) along the Qilian Mountains, northeastern Tibet Plateau (the main range of Picea crassifolia). Bas...

The dryness of the stratosphere is result air entering through cold tropical tropopause layer (TTL). However, our understanding moisture flux partitioning into water vapor and frozen hydrometeors incomplete. This raises concerns regarding ability General Circulation Models to accurately predict changes in stratospheric following perturbations radiative budget due volcanic aerosol or geoengineer...

Although alpine meadows of Tibet are expected to be strongly affected by climatic warming, it remains unclear how soil organic C (SOC), total N (TN), ammonium N (NH4 (+)-N) , nitrate N (NO3 (+)-N), and dissolved organic C (DOC) and N (DON) respond to warming. This study aims to investigate the responses of these C and N pools to short-term experimental warming in an alpine meadow of Tibet. A wa...

Dryness/wetness variations in China during the first 50 years of the 21st century J. Q. Zhai, B. Liu, H. Hartmann, B. D. Su, T. Jiang, and K. Fraedrich State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China Centre on Climate Change, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China Departmen...

Mineral ions in tap water react with fatty acids in soap, leading to the formation of insoluble precipitate (metallic soap) on skin during washing. We hypothesised that metallic soap might negatively alter skin conditions. Application of metallic soap onto the skin of NC/Tnd mice with allergic dermatitis further induced inflammation with elevation of plasma immunoglobulin E and proinflammatory ...

Abstract. We investigate the ways in which marine biologically mediated heating increases surface atmospheric temperature. While effects of phytoplankton light absorption on ocean have gained attention over past years, impact this biogeophysical mechanism atmosphere is still unclear. Phytoplankton warms ocean, turn affects air–sea heat and CO2 exchanges. However, contribution versus fluxes phyt...

KEY POINTS Optic nerve axons get less excitable with warming. F-fibre latency does not shorten at temperatures above 30°C. Action potential amplitude falls when the Na+ -pump is blocked, an effect speeded by warming. Diuretics reduce the rate of action potential fall in the presence of ouabain. Our data are consistent with electroneutral entry of Na+ occurring in axons and contributing to setti...

PURPOSE To explore the relationships among length of contact lens (CL) wear, degree of corneal staining and severity of dryness symptoms, and to determine whether these relationships differ between Asians and non-Asians. METHODS Adapted soft CL wearers (n=395; 180 Asian, 215 non-Asian) were required to discontinue CL wear for at least 24h and report to the University of California, Berkeley C...