performance evaluation has been developed in the form of management schools along by managerial thought development. banks and financial institutes are one of the most important economic sections to each country which by receipts and payments directing and organizing facilitate business and commercial transactions and develop markets and economic growth and as the main pillars in directing and ...

This paper presents a simple general equilibrium model which simultaneously incorporates the banking sector and the monetary and macroprudential policy of the Central Bank. Banks are viewed as intermediaries which channel funds from cash pools and depositors who insist on the complete safety of their funds, and investors who accept risks, to borrowers who invest in risky projects. Bank debt is ...

To combat the financial crisis that intensified in the fall of 2008, the Federal Reserve injected a substantial amount of liquidity into the banking system. The resulting increase in reserve balances exerted downward price pressure in the federal funds market, and the effective federal funds rate began to deviate from the target rate set by the Federal Open Market Committee. In response, the Fe...

BACKGROUND District health systems in Africa depend largely on public funding. In many countries, not only are these funds insufficient, but they are also released in an untimely fashion, thereby creating serious cash flow problems for district health managers. This paper examines how the untimely release of public sector health funds in Ghana affects district health activities and the way dist...

We build a model where a buyer negotiates a price discount with a seller in exchange for not asking the receipt and paying in cash, allowing tax evasion. Sellers and buyers are heterogeneous with respect to their tax morale and to their cost of managing payment instruments different from cash. We study how a tax rebate for the buyer and a tax on cash withdrawals affect tax evasion and governmen...

Despite the size and importance of separately managed accounts (SMAs) and collective investment trusts, their characteristics and performance have not been studied in detail. We show that separate account performance is similar to that of index funds and superior to that of actively managed mutual funds. Management supplies a benchmark for each separate account. When the management-selected ben...

This paper analyzes how human capital and economic uncertainty affect capital structure and managerial compensation. We model a competitive industry where wealth constrained managers provide human capital that can be transferred across firms, and where equityholders give managers access to the physical assets of the firm. Equityholders and managers bargain for the firm’s stochastic free cash fl...