INTRODUCTION Inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy (IFL) is performed in the treatment for vulvar cancer. One or more complications after IFL is reported in up to 85% of the patients. This review presents an overview of surgical techniques and peri- and post-operative care that has been studied in order to reduce the morbidity associated with IFL in vulvar cancer patients. Areas covered: Current knowl...

Overexpression of endothelin (ET)-1 and its receptors, ETAR and ETBR, commonly referred to as the 'ET-axis', has been demonstrated to play a role in cancer progression for various human tumours. Based on these results we propose a similar role of the expression of the ET-axis in vulvar cancer. Expression of the ET-axis was investigated immunohistochemically using tissue microarrays with tumour ...

The sentinel node is the first lymph node that receives the lymph drainage from the primary tumour. The pathological status of the sentinel node should reflect the histopathology of the entire regional lymph drainage area--both vulvar and cervical cancer spread through the lymphatic system. In gynaecological oncology recent studies have confirmed the utility of the sentinel node concept in vulv...

BACKGROUND Lower limb lymphedema (LLL) is an important concern for patients with vulvar cancer. Studies of the incidence of vulvar cancer-related lymphedema and its risk factors have substantially increased in the new millennium. OBJECTIVES This article is a meta-analysis that aimed to systematically evaluate the incidence of LLL and its risk factors related to vulvar cancer. DATA SOURCES D...

In 2008, CDC published a supplement to the journal Cancer describing incidence patterns of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers prior to availability of an HPV vaccine. This report updates the information on HPV-associated female genital cancer incidence with more recent data, adds information on trends, and includes American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations. We used combined d...

Two women presenting with invasive squamous cell cancer of the vulva during pregnancy are reported. The first patient was successfully treated by radical vulvectomy 2 weeks after cesarean section delivery; the second patient died of disseminated cancer despite radical vulvectomy and postoperative radiation therapy. In the second case the diagnosis was not established until 3 months after delive...

BACKGROUND Early-stage vaginal and vulvar cancer can be cured. But outcomes of patients with metastatic disease are poor. Thus, new therapeutic strategies are urgently required. METHODS In this retrospective study, we analyzed the clinical outcomes of consecutive patients with metastatic vaginal or vulvar cancer who were referred to a phase I trial clinic between January 2006 and December 201...

We report the case of woman who presented a vulvar basal cell carcinoma (BCC) on the inner part of the labium majus, treated with local resection. Vulvar BCC is a rare cancer but can be long misdiagnosed due to a non-specific presentation. Though even rarer, BCC involving the mucosal side of the labium majus has to be considered in the differential diagnosis of the vulvar tumors. A complete exc...

OBJECTIVES To describe prevalence and estimated attribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) types in U.S. cervical, vaginal, and vulvar precancers and cancers. METHODS U.S. studies reporting HPV typing for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN) and/or invasive cancers of those sites were gathered from the Pu...