Circuit breakers can fail to interrupt fault current when the power system has transient recovery voltage (TRV) characteristics that exceed the rating of the circuit breaker. There were two incidents of failures of outdoor switchgear at a power plant substation. The cause of the failure for these breakers was investigated in order to determine if transient recovery voltage is a contributing fac...

One of the solutions of the Helmholtz equation is the vortex beams. In the recent decades, production and applications of these types of beams have found serious attentions. Determination of the vortex beam topological charge and its sign are very important issues. Odd number of reflections of the vortex beam changes its vorticity. In this paper, we have used a q-plate to generate a vortex beam...

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels regulate neuronal excitability, pacemaking, dendritic integration, and homeostatic plasticity and are culprits in aberrant neuronal activity in certain epilepsies. In this issue of Neuron two manuscripts (Santoro et al. and Zolles et al.) report that HCN channel gating and expression are controlled by Trip8b (Pex5R) but with a b...

Very low temperatures stress a circuit breaker in a complex manner. Mixed-gas circuit breakers were developed for use at temperatures as low as -50C. These breakers utilize a gas mixture of SF6 and CF4 or SF6 and N2 to prevent condensation of the SF6 gas and have been type tested at -50C to ensure travel characteristics, operating times, and gas tightness are acceptably affected. Today’s mixed-...

In this paper we consider biased Maker-Breaker games played on the edge set of a given graph G. We prove that for every δ > 0 and large enough n, there exists a constant k for which if δ(G) ≥ δn and χ(G) ≥ k, then Maker can build an odd cycle in the (1 : b) game for b = O ( n log n ) . We also consider the analogous game where Maker and Breaker claim vertices instead of edges. This is a special...

Softening, which accompanies ripening fruits is also to a large extent, responsible for the damage that occurs during handling and shipping. The effects of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) application at different ripening stages (mature green, breaker, breaker + 2 days and breaker + 4 days) on cellulase and pectinase activities of cherry tomato fruit (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. cerasiforme...

In order to accurately analyze the dynamic characteristics of the vacuum circuit breaker, a dual-core master-slave processor structure for online monitoring system based on DSP and ARM is proposed. This structure consists of host computer, lower computer and signal processing modules. The lower computer uses DSP as the core, which completes acquisition and data preprocessing of circuit breaker’...

This paper utilizes the data generated from Television game shows The Weakest Link to study real life strategic voting with large stake payoffs. Theoretical models are built to analyze the three-player voting possibly with second move of tie breaker. With reasonable specifications, equilibria can be constructed to support all observed outcomes. When the game structure is relatively simple with ...

Protection is the most significant area of power system indeed. For single phase LT consumers, electromechanical B – Type MCB is available nowadays. Many significant workouts on various breakers have been found with excellent features like VCB, SF6 and so on. In the present paper a brief discussion is made on protection against over current scenario due to low fault impedance. The purpose of th...