Volcanic eruptions are one of the World’s largest sources of hazards. This chapter reviews the main concepts of modern volcanological research, which is aimed at understanding how volcanoes work and how to mitigate the risk. The article starts by describing what volcanoes are, and how they are shaped by volcanic eruptions. The main mechanisms for magma formation and migration are then reviewed,...

INTRODUCTION Scientists are asked to describe and understand the complex behavior of natural processes. This is often done in difficult conditions, with instruments detecting specific indicators and providing limited datasets to satisfy knowledge and imagination. Despite these limitations, many studies have been able to provide unprecedented understanding of different processes in nature, albei...

Large igneous provinces (LIPs) form in both oceanic and continental settings by the emplacement and eruption of voluminous magmas ranging from basalt to rhyolite in composition. Continental flood basalt provinces are the best studied LIPs and consist of crustal intrusive systems, extensive flood lavas and ignimbrites, and mafic volcaniclastic deposits in varying proportions. Intrusive rocks are...

Yan Lavallée*, Fabian B. Wadsworth, Jérémie Vasseur, James K. Russell, Graham D. M. Andrews, Kai-Uwe Hess, Felix W. von Aulock, Jackie E. Kendrick, Hugh Tuffen, Andrew J. Biggin and Donald B. Dingwell 1 Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK 2 Earth and Environment, Ludwig Maximilan University of Munich, Munich, Germany 3 Volcanology and Petrology Laborator...

Significant power-law long-range correlated structures have been identified in the Italian seismicity from 1983 to 2003. We performed the Allan Factor Analysis and the Detrended Fluctuation Analysis on both the full and the aftershock-depleted seismic data, extracted by the INGV (National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology) instrumental catalog. Our findings suggest that (i) the time-scali...

The small size and mass of the LOAC instrument, as well as its wide detection range for the particle size distribution and potential to distinguish particle nature makes it a highly attractive instrument for volcanology applications. Measurements of the volcanic aerosol emission are challenging due to the difficult-to-access terrain, and can be hazardous during eruptions. The lightweight LOAC o...

Book review: Vesiculation and crystallization of magma: fundamentals the volcanic eruption pro-cess, by Atsushi Toramaru, 2022. Springer [Advances in Volcanology]; xxxii + 427 pages;hardcover price €149.79, paperback €149.79; eBookprice €117.69, ISBN 978-981-16-4208-1

Delay of the Global Positioning System (GPS) signal due to atmospheric water vapor is a major source of error in GPS surveying. Improved vertical accuracy is important for sea level and polar isostasy measurements, geodesy, normal fault motion, subsidence, earthquake studies, air and ground-based gravimetry, ice dynamics, and volcanology. We conducted a GPS survey using water vapor radiometers ...

[1] Volcano observatories and researchers are recognizing the potential usefulness of thermal imaging cameras both before and during volcanic eruptions. Obvious applications include measurements of the surface temperatures of active lava domes and lava flows to determine the location of the most active parts of these potentially hazardous features. If appropriate precautions are taken, the new ...

Chemistry-climate model SOCOL: a validation of the present-day climatology T. Egorova, E. Rozanov, V. Zubov, E. Manzini, W. Schmutz, and T. Peter Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science ETH, Zurich, Switzerland Physical-Meteorological Observatory/World Radiation Center, Davos, Switzerland Main Geophysical Observatory, St.-Petersburg, Russia National Institute for Geophysics and Volcanolog...