First, we consider galaxy formation from the viewpoint of hierarchical clustering theory and discuss the possibility that inhomogeneous models with a local void may be compatible with the observed homogeneity of galactic distributions found in recent redshift surveys, because their inhomogeneity can be weakened by the difference in the feedback system of galaxy formation between the inner and o...

An on-chip aluminum interconnect carries an intense electric current at an elevated temperature, motivating atoms to diffuse in the solid state, and inducing voids that may cause an open failure. Recent observations have shown that a void sometimes collapses to a slit running nearly perpendicular to the electric current direction. Such a slit often lies inside a grain rather than along a grain ...

To improve the properties of additively manufactured parts to be used in high-end applications, intrinsic defects occurring during printing process need minimized. Defects such as void can significantly degrade mechanical resulted parts. The presence is more evident composite printed due inhomogeneity specimen. In this study, rectangular coupons with a Markforged Mark Two printer were different...

The newly developed “void expansion method” allows for an efficient generation of porous packings of spherical particles over a wide range of volume fractions using the discrete element method. Particles are randomly placed under addition of much smaller “void-particles”. Then, the void-particle radius is increased repeatedly, thereby rearranging the structural particles until formation of a de...

The composite tape winding process, which utilizes a tape winding machine and prepreg tapes, provides a promising way to improve the quality of composite products. Nevertheless, the process parameters of composite tape winding have crucial effects on the tensile strength and void content, which are closely related to the performances of the winding products. In this article, two different objec...

The theoretical equation for predicting volume expansion of steel slag is deduced based on both chemical reaction and physical changes of free lime in steel slag during the hydration process. Laboratory volume expansion testing is conducted to compare the results with the theoretical volume expansion. It is proved that they correlated well. It is furthermore experimentally proved that certain v...